<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">82799</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-104202402</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Ponderomotive redistribution of heavy ions along a magnetic field line</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>О пондеромоторном перераспределении тяжелых ионов вдоль линии магнитного поля</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гульельми</surname>
       <given-names>Анатолий Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Guglielmi</surname>
       <given-names>Anatol Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>guglielmi@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Фейгин</surname>
       <given-names>Феликс Зеликович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Feygin</surname>
       <given-names>Felix Zelikovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>feygin@ifz.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4864-0993</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Потапов</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Potapov</surname>
       <given-names>Alexander Sergeevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>potapov@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-18T06:21:08+03:00">
    <day>18</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-18T06:21:08+03:00">
    <day>18</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>10</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>17</fpage>
   <lpage>21</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-02T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>02</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-07-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/82799/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/82799/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Поставлена задача о пондеромоторном разделении и ускорении ионов с различным отношением заряда к массе под влиянием волн Альфвена, постоянно существующих в магнитосфере в виде геомагнитных пульсаций. Выведены формулы для парциальных пондеромоторных сил, действующих на легкие и тяжелые (металлические) ионы. В квазигидродинамическом приближении получена система уравнений, описывающая распределение ионов вдоль силовых линий магнитного поля в магнитосфере Земли. Установлено, что число Кларка, характеризующее металличность плазмы, максимально в минимуме магнитного поля на силовой линии, вдоль которой распространяется альфвеновская волна, что приводит к накоплению тяжелых ионов в вершине силовой линии в месте пересечения ее с магнитным экватором. Полученные теоретические результаты согласуются с результатами спутниковых измерений распределения тяжелых ионов вдоль силовых линий в магнитосфере Земли.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>We set up the problem of ponderomotive separation and acceleration of ions with different charge-to-mass ratios under the influence of Alfvén waves, which constantly exist in the magnetosphere in the form of geomagnetic pulsations. Formulas for partial ponderomotive forces acting on light and heavy (metallic) ions are derived. In the quasi-hydrodynamic approximation, a system of equations is obtained which describes the distribution of ions along magnetic field lines in Earth’s magnetosphere. The Clarke number, which characterizes plasma metallicity, is found to be maximum at a minimum magnetic field on the field line along which the Alfvén wave propagates. This leads to the accumulation of heavy ions at the top of the field line at the point of its intersection with the magnetic equator. The theoretical conclusions agree with satellite measurements of the distribution of heavy ions along field lines in Earth’s magnetosphere.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>парциальные пондеромоторные силы</kwd>
    <kwd>волны Альфвена</kwd>
    <kwd>тяжелые ионы</kwd>
    <kwd>амбиполярная диффузия</kwd>
    <kwd>геомагнитное поле</kwd>
    <kwd>число Кларка</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>partial ponderomotive forces</kwd>
    <kwd>Alfvén waves</kwd>
    <kwd>heavy ions</kwd>
    <kwd>ambipolar diffusion</kwd>
    <kwd>geomagnetic field</kwd>
    <kwd>Clarke number</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственных заданий Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ для ИФЗ РАН и ИСЗФ СО РАН</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out under Government assignments of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for IPE RAS and ISTP SB RAS</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альфвен Х. Космическая электродинамика. М.: Иностранная литература, 1952. 290 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alfvén H. Cosmical Electrodynamics. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1950, 238 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинзбург В.Л. Распространение электромагнитных волн в плазме. М.: Наука, 1967. 685 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denton R.E., Takahashi K., Galkin I.A., Nsumei P.A., Huang X., Reinisch B.W., Anderson R.R., Sleeper M.K., Hughes W.J. Distribution of density along magnetospheric field lines. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, vol. 111, A04213. DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011414.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гульельми А.В. МГД-волны в околоземной плазме. М.: Наука, 1979. 139 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denton M.H., Henderson M.G., Maruyama N., Fuselier S.A. The cold ion population at geosynchronous orbit and transport to the dayside magnetopause: September 2015 to February 2016. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2019, vol. 124, pp. 8685–8694. DOI: 10.1029/2019JA026973.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гульельми А.В. Пондеромоторные силы в коре и в магнитосфере Земли. Физика Земли. 1992. № 7. С. 35–40.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feygin F.Z., Guglielmi A.V. Ponderomotive forces of Alfvén waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth. 2023, vol. 59, pp. 993–1001. DOI: 10.1134/S106935132306006X.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гульельми А.В., Потапов А.С. Влияние тяжелых ионов на спектр колебаний магнитосферы. Космические исследования. 2012. Т. 50, № 4. С. 283–291.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuselier S.A., Klumpar D.M., Peterson W.K., Shelley E.G. Direct injection of ionospheric O+ into the dayside low latitude boundary layer. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1989, vol. 16, pp. 1121–1124. DOI: 10.1029/GL016i010p01121.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гульельми А.В., Потапов А.С. Частотно-модулиро-ванные ультранизкочастотные волны в околоземном космическом пространстве. УФН. 2021. Т. 191, № 5. С. 475–491. DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2020.06.038777.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuselier S.A. Ionospheric oxygen ions in the dayside magnetosphere. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2020, vol. 2010, 105448. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105448.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гульельми А.В., Фейгин Ф.З. Воздействие пондеромоторных сил на магнитосферу Земли. Физика Земли. 2018. № 5. C. 53–60. DOI: 10.1134/S1069351318050075.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ginzburg V.L. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasma. New-York, Pergamon Press, 1971, 822 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ландау Л.Д., Лифшиц Е.М. Электродинамика сплошных сред. М.: Физматлит, 2003. 656 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guglielmi A.V. MGD volny v okolozemnoi plazme [MHD Waves in the Near-Earth Plasma]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1979, 139 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лифшиц Е.М., Питаевский Л.П. Физическая кинетика. М.: Наука, 1979. 528 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guglielmi A.V. Ponderomotive forces in the crust and magnetosphere of the Earth. Fizika Zemli [Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth]. 1992, no. 7, pp. 35–40. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нишида А. Геомагнитный диагноз магнитосферы. М.: Наука, 1980. 299 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guglielmi A.V., Feygin F.Z. Impact of ponderomotive forces on the Earth’s magnetosphere. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth. 2018, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 712–720. DOI: 10.1134/S1069351318050075.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потапов А.С., Гульельми А.В. Ускорение магнитосферных ионов вверх осцилляторной составляющей центробежной силы. Солнечно-земная физика. 2010. Вып. 16. С. 14–18.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guglielmi A.V., Potapov A.S. The effect of heavy ions on the spectrum of oscillations of the magnetosphere. Cosmic Res. 2012, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 263–271. DOI: 10.1134/S0010952512040016.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потапов А.С., Гульельми А.В., Поляков А.Р. Пондеромоторные силы в магнитосферном ионно-циклотронном резонаторе. Доклады Академии наук. 2002. Т. 383, № 5. С. 688–690.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guglielmi A.V., Potapov A.S. Frequency-modulated ultra-low-frequency waves in near-Earth space. Physics-Uspekhi. 2021, vol. 191, pp. 475–467. DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2020.06.038777.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фейгин Ф.З., Гульельми А.В. Пондеромоторные силы волн Альфвена в магнитосфере Земли. Физика Земли. 2023. № 6. С. 190–198.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guglielmi A.V., Potapov A.S., Russell C.T. The ion cyclotron resonator in the magnetosphere. JETP Letters. 2000, vol. 72, pp. 298–300. DOI: 10.1134/1.1328441.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denton R.E., Takahashi K., Galkin I.A., et al. Distribution of density along magnetospheric field lines. J. Geophys. Res. 2006. Vol. 111, A04213. DOI: 10.1029/2005JA011414.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kronberg E.A., Ashour-Abdalla M., Dandouras I., Delcourt D.C., Grigorenko E.E., Kistler L.M., Kuzichev I.V., et al. Circulation of heavy ions and their dynamical effects in the magnetosphere: Recent observations and models. Space Sci. Rev. 2014, vol. 184, pp. 173–235. DOI: 10.1007/s11214-014-0104-0.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denton M.H., Henderson M.G., Maruyama N., Fuselier S.A. The cold ion population at geosynchronous orbit and transport to the dayside magnetopause: September 2015 to February 2016. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2019. Vol. 124. P. 8685–8694. DOI: 10.1029/2019JA026973.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landau L.D., Lifshitz E.M. Electrodynamics of Continuous Media. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1984, 417 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuselier S.A., Ionospheric oxygen ions in the dayside magnetosphere. J. Atmosph. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2020. Vol. 210, 105448. DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105448.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lifshitz E.M., Pitaevsky L.P. Physical Kinetics. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1981, 452 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuselier S.A., Klumpar D.M., Peterson W.K., Shelley E.G. Direct injection of ionospheric O+ into the dayside low latitude boundary layer. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1989. Vol. 16. P. 1121–1124. DOI: 10.1029/GL016i010p01121.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lundin R., Guglielmi A. Ponderomotive forces in cosmos. Space Sci. Rev. 2006, vol. 127, pp. 1–116.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guglielmi A.V., Potapov A.S., Russell C.T. The ion cyclotron resonator in the magnetosphere. Письма в ЖЭТФ. 2000. Т. 72, вып. 6. С. 432–435.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishida A. Geomagnetic Diagnosis of the Magnetosphere. New York, Springer, 1978, 256 p.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kronberg E.A., Ashour-Abdalla M., Dandouras I., et al. Circulation of heavy ions and their dynamical effects in the magnetosphere: Recent observations and models. Space Sci. Rev. 2014. Vol. 184. P. 173–235. DOI: 10.1007/s11214-014-0104-0.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosé M., Ieda A., Christon S.P. Geotail observations of plasma sheet ion composition over 16 years: On variations of average plasma ion mass and O+ triggering substorm model. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, vol. 114, A07223. DOI: 10.1029/2009JA014203.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lundin R., Guglielmi A.V. Ponderomotive forces in Cosmos. Space Sci. Rev. 2006. Vol. 127, no. 1-4. P. 1–116. DOI: 10.1007/s11214-006-8314-8.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nosé M., Takahashi K., Anderson R.R., Singer H.J. Oxygen torus in the deep inner magnetosphere and its contribution to recurrent process of O+‐rich ring current formation. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, vol. 116, A10224. DOI: 10.1029/2011JA016651.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nosé M., Ieda A., Christon S.P. Geotail observations of plasma sheet ion composition over 16 years: On variations of average plasma ion mass and O+ triggering substorm model. J. Geophys. Res. 2009. Vol. 114, A07223. DOI: 10.1029/2009JA014203.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potapov A.S., Guglielmi A.V. Acceleration of magnetospheric ions upward by the oscillatory component of the centrifugal force. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2010, iss. 16, pp. 14–18. (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nosé M., Takahashi K., Anderson R.R., Singer H.J. Oxygen torus in the deep inner magnetosphere and its contribution to recurrent process of O+ rich ring current formation, J. Geophys. Res. 2011. Vol. 116, A10224. DOI: 10.1029/2011JA016651.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potapov A.S., Guglielmi A.V., Polyakov A.R. Ponderomotive forces in the magnetospheric ion cyclotron resonator. Doklady Earth Sciences. 2002, vol. 383, pp. 688–690.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberts W.T. Jr., Horwitz J.L., Comfort R.H., et al. Heavy ion density enhancements in the outer plasmasphere. J. Geophys. Res. 1987. Vol. 92. P. 13499–13512. DOI: 10.1029/JA092iA12p13499.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberts W.T.Jr., Horwitz J.L., Comfort R.H., Chappell C.R., Waite J.H.Jr., Green J.L. Heavy ion density enhancements in the outer plasmasphere. J. Geophys. Res. 1987, vol. 92, pp. 13499–13512. DOI: 10.1029/JA092iA12p13499.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takahashi K., Denton R.E., Anderson R.R., Hughes W.J. Frequencies of standing Alfvén wave harmonics and their implication for plasma mass distribution along geomagnetic field lines: Statistical analysis of CRRES data. J. Geophys. Res. 2004. Vol. 109, A08202. DOI: 10.1029/2003JA010345.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takahashi K., Denton R.E., Anderson R.R., Hughes W.J. Frequencies of standing Alfvén wave harmonics and their implication for plasma mass distribution along geomagnetic field lines: Statistical analysis of CRRES data. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, vol. 109, A08202. DOI: 10.1029/2003JA010345.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL: https://www.aanda.org/glossary/194-metallicity (дата обращения 29 апреля 2024 г.).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL: https://www.aanda.org/glossary/194-metallicity (accessed April 29, 2024)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
