<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solar-Terrestrial Physics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Solar-Terrestrial Physics</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2500-0535</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">83423</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/stp-111202501</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of a twisted magnetic rope at the stage of the appearance of a new active region in the photosphere</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Effects of a twisted magnetic rope at the stage of the appearance of a new active region in the photosphere</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Григорьев</surname>
       <given-names>Виктор Михайлович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Grigoryev</surname>
       <given-names>Victor Mikhailovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vgrig@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ермакова</surname>
       <given-names>Людмила Викторовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ermakova</surname>
       <given-names>Lyudmila Victorovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>lermak@iszf.irk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН</institution>
     <city>Иркутск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS</institution>
     <city>Irkutsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-26T19:00:31+03:00">
    <day>26</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-26T19:00:31+03:00">
    <day>26</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>11</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>3</fpage>
   <lpage>6</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-23T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>23</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-21T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>21</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/83423/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/83423/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Using SDO/HMI data, we have studied the dynamics of small-scale magnetic field elements in the photosphere during the formation of small active region USAF/NOAA 12761. The choice of this region is due to the fact that it formed near the central meridian at the minimum of the 11-year solar activity cycle in the absence of strong background magnetic fields. It has been established that two days before the formation of the first pores, the initially observed small-scale structure of the magnetic field forms chains of elements of both polarities. The structure of the chains creates a stable polarity dividing line (PIL). During the first day, the orientation of PIL changes from quasi-latitudinal to quasi-meridional. After comparing observations with a number of theoretical models, we concluded that the observed dynamics of elements of magnetic chains is consistent with the models of emergence of a magnetic flux rope in the photosphere.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Using SDO/HMI data, we have studied the dynamics of small-scale magnetic field elements in the photosphere during the formation of small active region USAF/NOAA 12761. The choice of this region is due to the fact that it formed near the central meridian at the minimum of the 11-year solar activity cycle in the absence of strong background magnetic fields. It has been established that two days before the formation of the first pores, the initially observed small-scale structure of the magnetic field forms chains of elements of both polarities. The structure of the chains creates a stable polarity dividing line (PIL). During the first day, the orientation of PIL changes from quasi-latitudinal to quasi-meridional. After comparing observations with a number of theoretical models, we concluded that the observed dynamics of elements of magnetic chains is consistent with the models of emergence of a magnetic flux rope in the photosphere.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>magnetic field</kwd>
    <kwd>active regions</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>magnetic field</kwd>
    <kwd>active regions</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Grant No. 075-GZ/Ts3569/278)</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Grant No. 075-GZ/Ts3569/278)</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Archontis V., Hood A.W., Savcheva A., Golub L., Deluca E. On the structure and evolution of complexity in sigmoids: A flux emergence model. Astrophys. J. 2009, vol. 691, pp. 1276–1291. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1276.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Archontis V., Hood A.W., Savcheva A., Golub L., Deluca E. On the structure and evolution of complexity in sigmoids: A flux emergence model. Astrophys. J. 2009, vol. 691, pp. 1276–1291. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1276.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bappu M.K.V., Grigoryev V.M., Stepanov V.E. On the develop-ment of magnetic fields in active regions. Solar Phys. 1968, vol. 4, pp. 409–421. DOI: 10.1007/BF00147906.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bappu M.K.V., Grigoryev V.M., Stepanov V.E. On the develop-ment of magnetic fields in active regions. Solar Phys. 1968, vol. 4, pp. 409–421. DOI: 10.1007/BF00147906.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandenburg A. The case for a distributed solar dynamo shaped by near-surface shear. Astrophys. J. 2005, vol. 625, pp. 539–547.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandenburg A. The case for a distributed solar dynamo shaped by near-surface shear. Astrophys. J. 2005, vol. 625, pp. 539–547.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheung M.C., Moreno-Insertis F., Schȕssler M. Moving magnetic tubes: fragmentation, vortex streets and the limit of the approximation of thin flux tubes. Astron. Astrophys. 2006, vol. 451, pp. 303–317. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/20054499.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheung M.C., Moreno-Insertis F., Schȕssler M. Moving magnetic tubes: fragmentation, vortex streets and the limit of the approximation of thin flux tubes. Astron. Astrophys. 2006, vol. 451, pp. 303–317. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/20054499.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheung M.C.M., Rempel M., Title A.M., Schȕssler M. Simulation of the formation of a solar active region. Astrophys. J. 2010, vol. 720, pp. 233–244. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/720/1/233.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheung M.C.M., Rempel M., Title A.M., Schȕssler M. Simulation of the formation of a solar active region. Astrophys. J. 2010, vol. 720, pp. 233–244. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/720/1/233.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emonet T., Moreno-Insertis F. The physics of twisted magnetic tubes rising in a stratified medium: two-dimensional results. Astrophys. J. 1998, vol. 492, pp. 804–821. DOI: 10.1086/305074</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emonet T., Moreno-Insertis F. The physics of twisted magnetic tubes rising in a stratified medium: two-dimensional results. Astrophys. J. 1998, vol. 492, pp. 804–821. DOI: 10.1086/305074</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frazier E.N. The magnetic structure of arch filament systems. Solar Phys.1972, vol. 26, pp. 130–141.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frazier E.N. The magnetic structure of arch filament systems. Solar Phys.1972, vol. 26, pp. 130–141.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Getling A.V., Buchnev A.A. The Origin and Early Evolution of a Bipolar Magnetic Region in the Solar Photosphere. Astrophys. J. 2019, vol. 871, pp. 224–232. DOI: 10.3847/1538-357/aafad9.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Getling A.V., Buchnev A.A. The Origin and Early Evolution of a Bipolar Magnetic Region in the Solar Photosphere. Astrophys. J. 2019, vol. 871, pp. 224–232. DOI: 10.3847/1538-357/aafad9.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Getling A.V., Ishikawa R., Buchnev A.A. Development of active regions: flows, magnetic-field patterns and bordering effect. Solar Phys. 2016, vol. 291, pp. 37–50. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-015-0844-3.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Getling A.V., Ishikawa R., Buchnev A.A. Development of active regions: flows, magnetic-field patterns and bordering effect. Solar Phys. 2016, vol. 291, pp. 37–50. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-015-0844-3.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grigoryev V.M., Osak B.F., Selivanov V.L. Magnetic field dynamics in the active region in the early stage of development. Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnate Pleso. 1986, vol. 15, pp. 55–63.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigoryev V.M., Osak B.F., Selivanov V.L. Magnetic field dynamics in the active region in the early stage of development. Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnate Pleso. 1986, vol. 15, pp. 55–63.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hood A.W., Archontis V., Mac Taggart D. 3D MGD Flux Emergence Experiments: Idealized models and coronal interactions. Solar Phys. 2012, vol. 278, pp. 3–31. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-011-9745-2.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hood A.W., Archontis V., Mac Taggart D. 3D MGD Flux Emergence Experiments: Idealized models and coronal interactions. Solar Phys. 2012, vol. 278, pp. 3–31. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-011-9745-2.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jabbari S., Brandenburg A., Dhrubaditia M.N., Kleeorin N., Rogachevskii I. Turbulent reconnection of magnetic bipoles in stratified turbulence. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2016, vol. 459, pp. 4046–4056. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw888.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jabbari S., Brandenburg A., Dhrubaditia M.N., Kleeorin N., Rogachevskii I. Turbulent reconnection of magnetic bipoles in stratified turbulence. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2016, vol. 459, pp. 4046–4056. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw888.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levens P.J., Norton A.A., Linton M.G., Knizhnik K.J., Liu Y. Observations of twist, current helicity, and writhe in the magnetic knots of δ-sunspots consistent with the kink instability of a highly twisted flux rope. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2023, vol. 954, no.1, pp. 20–28. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acf0c6.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levens P.J., Norton A.A., Linton M.G., Knizhnik K.J., Liu Y. Observations of twist, current helicity, and writhe in the magnetic knots of δ-sunspots consistent with the kink instability of a highly twisted flux rope. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2023, vol. 954, no.1, pp. 20–28. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acf0c6.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lites B.W., Skumanich A., Mart´ınez Pillet V. Vector magnetic fields of emerging solar flux. I. Properties at the site of emergence. Astron. Astrophys. 1998, vol. 333, pp. 1053–1068.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lites B.W., Skumanich A., Mart´ınez Pillet V. Vector magnetic fields of emerging solar flux. I. Properties at the site of emergence. Astron. Astrophys. 1998, vol. 333, pp. 1053–1068.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luoni M.L., Demoulin P., Mandrini C.H., van Driel-Gesztelyi L. Twisted flux tube emergence evidenced in longitudinal magnetograms: magnetic tongues. Solar Phys. 2011, vol. 270, pp. 45–74. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-011-9731-8.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luoni M.L., Demoulin P., Mandrini C.H., van Driel-Gesztelyi L. Twisted flux tube emergence evidenced in longitudinal magnetograms: magnetic tongues. Solar Phys. 2011, vol. 270, pp. 45–74. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-011-9731-8.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mac Taggart D., Hood A.W. On the emergence of toroidal flux tubes: general dynamics and comparisons with the cylinder model. Astron. Astrophys. 2009, vol. 507, pp. 995–1004. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/200912930.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mac Taggart D., Hood A.W. On the emergence of toroidal flux tubes: general dynamics and comparisons with the cylinder model. Astron. Astrophys. 2009, vol. 507, pp. 995–1004. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/200912930.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mac Taggart D., Prior C., Raphadini B., Romano P., Gugiemino S.L. Direct evidence that twisted flux tube emergence creates solar active regions. Nature Common. 2021, vol. 12, pp. 6621–6628. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26981-7.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mac Taggart D., Prior C., Raphadini B., Romano P., Gugiemino S.L. Direct evidence that twisted flux tube emergence creates solar active regions. Nature Common. 2021, vol. 12, pp. 6621–6628. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26981-7.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magara T. How much does a magnetic flux tube emerge into the solar atmosphere? Astrophys. J. 2012, vol. 748, pp. 53–59.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magara T. How much does a magnetic flux tube emerge into the solar atmosphere? Astrophys. J. 2012, vol. 748, pp. 53–59.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magara T. Merging and fragmentation in the solar active region 10930 caused by an emerging magnetic flux tube with asymmetric field-line twist distribution along its axis. Journal of the Korean Astronomical Society. 2019, vol. 52, pp. 89–97. DOI: 10.5303/JKAS.2019.52.4.89.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magara T. Merging and fragmentation in the solar active region 10930 caused by an emerging magnetic flux tube with asymmetric field-line twist distribution along its axis. Journal of the Korean Astronomical Society. 2019, vol. 52, pp. 89–97. DOI: 10.5303/JKAS.2019.52.4.89.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahlmann J.F., Philippov A.A., Mewes V., Ripperda B., Most E.R., Sironi L. Three-dimensional dynamics of strongly twisted magnetar magnetospheres: kinking flux tubes and global eruptions. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2023, vol. 947, pp. 34–50. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/accada.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahlmann J.F., Philippov A.A., Mewes V., Ripperda B., Most E.R., Sironi L. Three-dimensional dynamics of strongly twisted magnetar magnetospheres: kinking flux tubes and global eruptions. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2023, vol. 947, pp. 34–50. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/accada.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinez-Sykora J., Moreno-Insertis F., Cheung M.C.M. Multi-parametric study of rising 3D buoyant flux tubes in an adiabatic stratification using AMR. Astrophys. J. 2015, vol. 814, pp. 2–20. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X814/1/2.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinez-Sykora J., Moreno-Insertis F., Cheung M.C.M. Multi-parametric study of rising 3D buoyant flux tubes in an adiabatic stratification using AMR. Astrophys. J. 2015, vol. 814, pp. 2–20. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X814/1/2.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parker E.N. The formation of sunspots from the solar toroidal field. Astrophys. J. 1955, vol. 121, pp. 491–507. DOI: 10.1086/146010.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parker E.N. The formation of sunspots from the solar toroidal field. Astrophys. J. 1955, vol. 121, pp. 491–507. DOI: 10.1086/146010.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poisson M., Mandrini C.H., Demoulin P., Lopez Fuentes M. Evidence of twisted flux-tube emergence in active regions. Solar Phys. 2015, vol. 290, pp. 727–751. DOI: 10.1007/s112-7-014-0633-4.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poisson M., Mandrini C.H., Demoulin P., Lopez Fuentes M. Evidence of twisted flux-tube emergence in active regions. Solar Phys. 2015, vol. 290, pp. 727–751. DOI: 10.1007/s112-7-014-0633-4.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poisson M., Lopez Fuentes M., Mandrini C.H., Demoulin P., Grings F. Modeling global magnetic flux emergence in bipolar solar active regions. Solar Phys. 2024, vol. 299, iss. 4, id. 56. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-024-02303-0.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poisson M., Lopez Fuentes M., Mandrini C.H., Demoulin P., Grings F. Modeling global magnetic flux emergence in bipolar solar active regions. Solar Phys. 2024, vol. 299, iss. 4, id. 56. DOI: 10.1007/s11207-024-02303-0.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prior C., Mac Taggart D. The emergence of braided magnetic fields. Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics. 2016, vol. 110, pp. 432–457. DOI: 10.1080/03091929.2016.1216552.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prior C., Mac Taggart D. The emergence of braided magnetic fields. Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics. 2016, vol. 110, pp. 432–457. DOI: 10.1080/03091929.2016.1216552.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadeghi M., Bahari K., Karami K. The effect of flow and magnetic twist on resonant absorption of slow MGD waves in magnetic flux tubes. Astrophys. J. 2023, vol. 944, pp. 194–212. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acb536.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadeghi M., Bahari K., Karami K. The effect of flow and magnetic twist on resonant absorption of slow MGD waves in magnetic flux tubes. Astrophys. J. 2023, vol. 944, pp. 194–212. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acb536.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Syntelis P., Archontis V., Gontikakis C., Tsinganos K. Flux emergence of a non-twisted magnetic flux tube. The 11th Hellenic Astronomical Conference. Athens, Greece. 2013, P. 10-10.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syntelis P., Archontis V., Gontikakis C., Tsinganos K. Flux emergence of a non-twisted magnetic flux tube. The 11th Hellenic Astronomical Conference. Athens, Greece. 2013, P. 10-10.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weber M.A., Schunker H., Jouve L., Isik E. Understanding active region origins and emergence on the Sun and other cool stars. Space Sci. Rew. 2023. Vol. 219, Article id. 63. DOI: 10.1007/s11214-023-01006-5.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weber M.A., Schunker H., Jouve L., Isik E. Understanding active region origins and emergence on the Sun and other cool stars. Space Sci. Rew. 2023. Vol. 219, Article id. 63. DOI: 10.1007/s11214-023-01006-5.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
