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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Солнечно-земная физика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2712-9640</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">89775</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/szf-112202502</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Results of current research</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Результаты  исследований</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Change in Earth’s solar climate over the period from 1900 to 2100</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Изменение солярного климата Земли в период от 1900 до 2100 г.</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Фёдоров</surname>
       <given-names>Валерий Михайлович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Fedorov</surname>
       <given-names>Valery Mikhaylovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>fedorov.msu@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат географических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of geographical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3535-5316</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Фролов</surname>
       <given-names>Денис Максимович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Frolov</surname>
       <given-names>Denis Maksimovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>Frolov@geogr.msu.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-26T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>26</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-26T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>26</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>11</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>15</fpage>
   <lpage>21</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-17T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>17</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-20T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>01</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/89775/view">https://zh-szf.ru/en/nauka/article/89775/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Приводятся результаты анализа изменений солярного климата Земли за 1900–2100 гг. Определено, что годовой меридиональный градиент интенсивности облучения в 1900–2100 г. возрастает и широтные различия в интенсивности облучения Земли увеличиваются. Относительное увеличение зимней интенсивности облучения для полушарий отмечается в областях развития внетропических циклонов, что может способствовать активизации циклонических процессов в атмосфере в зимнее полугодие. В Северном полушарии в рассматриваемый период сезонные различия в интенсивности облучения возрастают, а в Южном сглаживаются.&#13;
Меридиональные контрасты облучения в летнее полугодие возрастают в Южном и Северном полушариях, в зимнее полугодие в Северном полушарии меридиональные контрасты в облучении сокращаются, в Южном увеличиваются. Инсоляционная сезонность в Северном полушарии слабо возрастает, в Южном увеличивается. Преобладает перенос радиационного тепла из летнего Южного полушария в зимнее Северное полушарие. Однако отмечается тенденция его уменьшения.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The paper presents the results of the analysis of changes in Earth’s solar climate over the period from 1900 to 2100. It has been determined that the annual meridional gradient of irradiation intensity from 1900 to 2100 and latitudinal differences in the Earth irradiation intensity increase. A relative increase in winter irradiation intensity for the hemispheres is observed in the regions where extratropical cyclones develop, which may contribute to the activation of cyclonic processes in the atmosphere in the winter half-year. In the Northern Hemisphere, seasonal differences in the irradiation intensity increase during the period of interest, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere they smooth out. &#13;
Meridional contrasts in irradiation in the summer half-year increase in the Southern and Northern hemispheres; in the winter half-year in the Northern Hemisphere, meridional contrasts in irradiation decrease; in the Southern Hemisphere, they increase. Insolation seasonality increases slightly in the Northern Hemisphere and increases in the Southern Hemisphere. The transfer of radiative heat from the summer Southern Hemisphere to the winter Northern Hemisphere prevails. There is, however, a tendency for it to decrease.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>солярный климат Земли</kwd>
    <kwd>вариации приходящей солнечной радиации</kwd>
    <kwd>инсоляционная контрастность</kwd>
    <kwd>инсоляционная сезонность</kwd>
    <kwd>межполушарный теплообмен</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Earth’s solar climate</kwd>
    <kwd>variations of incoming solar radiation</kwd>
    <kwd>insolation contrast</kwd>
    <kwd>insolation seasonality</kwd>
    <kwd>interhemispheric heat exchange</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа была выполнена при поддержке гос-бюджетных тем «Эволюция, современное состояние и прогноз развития береговой зоны Российской Арктики» (121051100167-1) и «Опасность и риск природных процессов и явлений» (121051300175-4)</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the support of the state budget themes &quot;Evolution, Current State, and Forecast of Development of the Coastal Zone of the Russian Arctic&quot; (121051100167-1) and &quot;Danger and Risk of Natural Processes and Phenomena&quot; (121051300175-4)</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
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