Moskva, Moscow, Russian Federation
Coal mining is accompanied by the release of coal mine methane. Its emissions into the atmosphere within methane-air mixture have a negative impact on the ecological situation. The modern approach involves the use of methane-air-mixture for heat boilers or units to generate electricity. For the generation of heat and electrical energy the coal mine methane could be used in cogeneration gas turbine plants with an altered sequence of processes. Thermo — and gas dynamics studies were conducted in a wide range of parameters of gas turbine plants. For small power plants recommended are: 2.8 compression ratio, turbine inlet — 1173 K, gas cooler inlet temperature — 303 K, 0.8 regeneration ratio. In this case the electrical efficiency of gas turbine plant is 25–26% and even 63–64% if produced heat is counted. Cogeneration gas turbine plant with an altered sequence of process has smaller capital and operating costs compared to traditional gas turbine unit. The use of methane-air mixture as fuel in such gas turbine units increases the profitability of coal mining and improves the ecological situation in the region.
coal mine methane, utilization, gas turbine unit with altered sequence of processes, numerical researches, efficiency, ecology.
1. Введение
Добыча каменного угля из угольных пластов подземным способом связана с обеспечением безопасности ведения работ из-за выделения шахтного метана (ШМ), т.е. газа, который в результате процесса формирования угленосных отложений находится в тесной связи с углем, образуя твердый углеметановый раствор. Эмиссия (или освобождение) ШМ возникает при добыче из-за нарушения термодинамического состояния равновесия в системе «газ–уголь».
В состав газов угольных месторождений входят метан и другие продукты метаморфизма угля — тяжелые гомологи метана, водород H2, сероводород H2S, а также газы воздушного происхождения (диоксид углерода CO2, азот N2 и инертные газы), которые в процессе газового выветривания проникают в угольный пласт [1]. Компонентный состав шахтного газа определяется газовой зональностью угольного пласта (табл. 1).
1. Malyshev Yu.N., Troubetzkoy K.N., Ayruni A.T, Fundamentally Applied Methods for Solving the Problem of Coal Bed Methane. Izdatel’stvo Akademii Gornih Nauk = Publishing House of the Academy of Mining Sciences, 2000. 509 p.
2. Rogozina E.A., Composition, Zoning and Extent of Regeneration Rases at Catagen Organic Matter of Yumic Coals. Vserossiyskiy Neftyanoy Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Geologicheskiy Institut, Neftegazovaya Geologiya. Teoriya i Praktika = All-Russia Petroleum Research Geological Institute, Petroleum Geology. Theory and Practice. 2008, I. 3. 20 p.
3. Methodical Recommendations on the Procedure for the Degassing of Coal Mines (RD-15-09-2006). Series 05. Issue 14. Otkritoe Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo “Nauchno-Tehnicheskiy Tsentr po bezopastnosti v Promishlennosti” = Open Joint Stock Company “Scientific and Technical Center of Industrial Safety”, 2007. 256 p.
4. Beloshitsky M.V., Troitsky A.A. The Use of Coal Mine Methane as an Energy Source. Turbini I Dizeli = Turbines and Diesel Engines. 2006, I. 6, pp. 2-9.
5. Durnin M.K.The Kyoto Protocol - a Source of Financing Mine Working Safety. Ugol’ = Coal. 2007, I. 02, pp. 58-60.
6. Shilov A.A., Hramtsova A.M. Utilization and Use of Coal Mine Methane to Produce Heat and Power. Gorniy Informatsionno-Analiticheskiy Byulleten’ = Mountain Information-Analytical Bulletin, 2008, I. 04, pp. 85-89.
7. Tarazanov I. Results of the Coal Industry in January-June 2011. Ugol’ = Coal, 2011, I 09, pp. 25-37.
8. Osipov M.I., Tumashev R.Z., Molyakov V.D., Low Power Gas Turbine Plants Using Fuel Gas of Low Pressure with an Altered Sequence of the Thermodynamic Cycle Processes. Trudi Mezhunarodnoy Nauchno-Prakticheskoy Konferentsii “Malaya Energetika - 2003” = Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “ Small Energetics - 2003”, Obninsk, 2003, pp. 340-343.
9. Osipov M.I., Tumashev R.Z., Molyakov V.D., Improvement of Low Power Gas Turbine Plants Using Low Pressure Fuel Gases. Trudi Mezhunarodnoy Nauchno-Prakticheskoy Konferentsii “Malaya Energetika -2004” = Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Small Energetics - 2004”, Moscow, 2004, pp. 113-116.
10. Tumashev R.Z., Bodrov N.G., Cogeneration Gas Turbine on Associated Petroleum Gas with a High Content of Heavier Hydrocarbons. Vestnik MGTU im. N.E. Baumana = Bauman MSTU Herald, 2012, I. 7, pp. 155-165.
11. Tumashev R.Z., Molyakov V.D., Lavrentiev Yu.L., Improving the Efficiency of the Compressor Stations of Main Gas Pipelines. Vestnik MGTU im. N.E. Baumana = Bauman MSTU Herald, 2014, I.1, pp. 68-79.
