ALLOCATION OF LIABILITY IN THE REGULATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY PROVIDES AN ANSWER
Abstract and keywords
Abstract (English):
Who is liable for damage, that occurs as a result of implementation and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies? Using nuclear industry as an example, the article discusses the apportionment and attachment of legal liability for the damage resulting from the operations of the AI technologies. In particular, it addresses the issues of inevitability of adopting generative AI systems in the future, the particularity of risks associated with their use and the need of legal regulation. Further analysis proposes the application of already existing principles of nuclear law on attachment of liability, extending the application of strict liability principle to legal regulation of generative AI systems beyond the nuclear industry.

Keywords:
legal regulation of artificial intelligence, principles of nuclear law, artificial intelligence, generative artificial intelligence, legal liability, strict liability.
Text
Text (PDF): Read Download

 

 
References

1. Aytekova D.G. Pravovoe regulirovanie iskusstvennogo intellekta v normativnoy deyatel'nosti mezhdunarodnyh organizaciy i Evropeyskogo Soyuza [Elektronnyy resurs] / Aytekova D.G. // Ural'skiy zhurnal pravovyh issledovaniy. - 2023. - №1. - S.3-12. 
DOI:https://doi.org/10.34076/2658_512H_2023_1_3. – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravovoe-regulirovanie-iskusstvennogo-intellekta-v-normotvorcheskoy-deyatelnosti-mezhdunarodnyh-organizatsiy-i-evropeyskogo-soyuza (data obrascheniya 02.11.2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.34076/2658_512X_2023_1_3; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/EIWEXJ

2. Eremina N. Uzhe ne igrushka [Elektronnyy resurs] // Vestnik atomproma. - 03.2025. - 
№2. - URL: https://atomvestnik.ru/2025/03/31/uzhe-ne-igrushka/ (data obrascheniya 29.10.2025).

3. Konvenciya o yadernoy bezopasnosti ot 17 iyunya 1994.

4. Moiseeva O.A. Osnovy mezhdunarodnogo atomnogo prava, uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie / O.A. Moiseeva. - 1izd. - M.: NIYaU MIFI, 2022. – 64 s. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/LNAJIK

5. Metelkin P. Pravovoe regulirovanie iskusstvennogo intellekta [Elektronnyy resurs] // Sistemy bezopasnosti. - 2024. - №4. URL: https://www.secuteck.ru/articles/pravovoe-regulirovanie-iskusstvennogo-intellekta#:~:text=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%
D0%B8%D1%8F,%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%2C%20%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%98%D0%98%2D%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8 (data obrascheniya 29.10.2025).

6. Pikot V. Povyshenie effektivnosti proizvodstva yadernoy energii s pomosch'yu iskusstvennogo intellekta [Elektronnyy resurs] // Byulleten' MAGATE. - 09.2023. – Vol.64-3. - URL: https://www.iaea.org/ru/bulletin/povyshenie-effektivnosti-proizvodstva-yadernoy-energii-s-pomoshchyu-iskusstvennogo-intellekta (data obrascheniya 29.10.2025).

7. Regulirovanie II: ot «pesochnic» do standartov [Elektronnyy resurs] // Forum PravoTeh. – 14.04.2025. URL: https://pravo.ru/story/258257/ (data obrascheniya 29.10.2025).

8. Stoyber K. Spravochnik po yadernomu pravu / K. Stoyber [i dr.]. - MAGATE, 2006. – s. 193.

9. Warren C. EPRI’s Jeremy Renshaw on the benefits and limitations of artificial intelligence 
in the power sector [Elektronnyy resurs] // EPRI Journal. - 02.2024. URL: https://eprijournal.com/ai-is-already-impacting-the-energy-industry/ (data obrascheniya 29.10.2025).

10. Considerations for developing artificial intelligence systems in nuclear applications [Elektronnyy resurs] // CNSC, UK ONR, US NRC. - Sept. 2024. - URL: https://onr.org.uk/media/03zl1osf/canukus_trilateral_ai_principles_paper_2024_08_28-final.pdf (data obrascheniya 02.11.2025).

11. Tabassi E. Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) [Elektronnyy resurs] // NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology. - 2023. – URL: https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=936225 (data obrascheniya 29.10.2025).

12. Tonkih E. Opyt Kitaya v regulirovanii II: mezhdu Scilloy i Haribdoy [Elektronnyy resurs] // RSMD. - 12.2024. URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/opyt-kitaya-v-regulirovanii-ii-mezhdu-stsilloy-i-kharibdoy/ 
(data obrascheniya 29.10.2025).

13. Ukaz Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federacii «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ukaz Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federacii ot 10 oktyabrya 2019 g. № 490 «O razvitii iskusstvennogo intellekta v Rossiyskoy Federacii» i v Nacional'nuyu strategiyu, utverzhdennuyu etim Ukazom» ot 15.02.2024 № 124 //Rossiyskaya gazeta.

14. Federal'nyy zakon ot 21.11.95 № 170-FZ «Ob ispol'zovanii atomnoy energii»// Rossiyskaya gazeta.

15. Huzhin A.M. O konstrukcii strogoy yuridicheskoy otvetstvennosti v prave [Elektronnyy resurs] // Yuridicheskaya tehnika. – 2013. – s. 807-813. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-konstruktsii-strogoy-yuridicheskoy-otvetstvennosti-v-prave (data obrascheniya 29.10.2025).

16. Considerations for Deploying Artificial Intelligence Applications in the Nuclear Power Industry // IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NR-T-1.26, IAEA. – 2025. Vena.

Login or Create
* Forgot password?