The article discusses the problem of constructing a didactic process, relations in the “teacher – student” system, which directly affects the success of the educational activity of a primary schoolchild. Examples are given when improperly organized educational activity provokes the emergence of learning difficulties and a decrease in its success. Mechanisms are revealed, the application of which will ensure the improvement of the educational process and the elimination of learning difficulties of primary schoolchildren.
success of learning; educational process; planned learning outcomes; reasons for student failure, reproductive learning; current types of activities for primary schoolchildren
1. Venger A.L. Psihologicheskie prichiny trudnostey v obuchenii: v kn.: «Problemy shkol'noy neuspeshnosti detey i puti ee preodoleniya» / avt.-sost. V.S. Basyuk. – M.: Prosveschenie, 2024. – S.113–125.
2. Vinogradova N.F., Lazebnikova A.Yu. Preodolenie trudnostey obucheniya i ucheniya uchaschihsya nachal'noy i osnovnoy shkoly: v kn.: «Problemy shkol'noy neuspeshnosti detey i puti ee preodoleniya» / avt.-sost. V.S. Basyuk. – M.: Prosveschenie, 2024. – S. 237–250.
3. Vinogradova N.F., Rydze O.A. Formirovanie poznavatel'nyh universal'nyh uchebnyh deystviy:metodicheskoe posobie / pod red. N.F. Vinogradovoy. – M.: Prosveschenie. Uchebnaya literatura, 2018. – 107 s.
4. Vygotskiy L.S. Myshlenie i rech' / L.S. Vygotskiy. Sobr. soch. V 6 t. T. 2. – M.: Pedagogika, 1982. – 504 s.
5. Kochurova E.E., Kuznecova M.I. Formirovanie regulyativnyh universal'nyh uchebnyh deystviy:metodicheskoe posobie / pod red. N.F. Vinogradovoy. – M.: Prosveschenie. Uchebnaya literatura, 2018. – 141 s.
6. Kuznecova M.I., Romanova V.Yu., Homyakova I.S. Formirovanie kommunikativnyh universal'nyh uchebnyh deystviy: metodicheskoe posobie / pod red. N.F. Vinogradovoy. – M.: Prosveschenie. Uchebnaya literatura, 2018. – 160 s.
7. Metapredmetnye rezul'taty obucheniya v nachal'noy shkole / N.F. Vinogradova, M.I. Kuznecova, M.I. Rozhkova [i dr.]. – M.: Prosveschenie, 2025. – 200 s.
8. Universal'nye uchebnye deystviya kak rezul'tat obucheniya v nachal'noy shkole: kniga dlya uchitelya. – M.: Izd-vo Instituta strategii razvitiya obrazovaniya RAO, 2016. – 218 s.
9. Federal'nyy gosudarstvennyy obrazovatel'nyy standart nachal'nogo obschego obrazovaniya / utv. Prikazom Ministerstva prosvescheniya RF ot 31.05.2021 № 286 (red. ot 22.01.2024) [Elektronnyy resurs]. – URL: https://fgosreestr.ru/uploads/files/14e6445c39109a753ec3b7d239e46fdb.pdf (data obrascheniya: 16.05.2025).
10. Funkcional'naya gramotnost' mladshego shkol'nika / pod red. N.F. Vinogradovoy. – M.: Ventana-Graf, 2018. – 220 s.
