COPOLYMERS OF STYRENE AND DIVINYL BENZENE WITH CHROMOGENIC GROUPS FOR ENVIRONMENT CONTROL
Abstract and keywords
Abstract (English):
Now used in Russia means of indication in express analysis methods for environment control have a wide dispersion on hazardous substances determination accuracy. In case of visual indication’s new means implementation it is necessary to show experimentally that they are suitable for the solution of expected tasks with a minimum error for results of polluting and dangerous substances’ ions concentration analysis. Reusable solid-phase color indicators based on styrene and divinyl benzene copolymers containing chromogenic groups in their structure have been considered in this paper and these solidphase color indicators practical use possibility assessment after color digitization, and express analysis techniques accuracy assessment on a number of water objects for identification of their toxico-ecological condition has been carried out.

Keywords:
solid-phase indicators, scales simulations, color reproduction, toxicometry, environment quality control, ecological control, biosphere control.
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1. Методы экспрессного анализа содержания вредных веществ

В настоящее время в практике экспрессного анализа количественного содержания различных веществ в окружающей среде широко востребованы малогабаритные устройства, работающие на источниках питания (аккумуляторах, батарейках), рассчитанных на 100–400 ч работы. Однако малогабаритные рН-метры имеют ряд недостатков, сокращающих область их применения. Использование электрода с пластиковой мембраной не позволяет проводить измерение в горячих растворах, в агрессивных средах, органических растворителях, а также они должны в дальнейшем утилизироваться как отработавшие приборы.

Для выпускаемых в широком ассортименте комплектов для экспрессного анализа различных ионов на бумажном носителе характерен большой разброс погрешности при определении вредных веществ. Для бумаг одноразового использования погрешность составляет 5–50%, а для трубок с наполнителем, пропитанным индикатором, 5–20% [1]. Для желатиновых пленок, модифицированных металлоиндикатором, относительная погрешность тест-определения суммы металлов по визуальной шкале не превышает 30% [2]. Описан метод определения суммарного количества в воде Pb(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) и Zn(II), основанный на сочетании сорбционно-спектроскопического и визуально-тестового методов с использованием реагентной индикаторной бумаги с ковалентно закрепленным формазаном [3]. Формально производными неизвестного в свободном виде формазана являются соединения с общей формулой R1N=N–CR2=N–NHR3 [3].

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