The necessity to improve the regulation of regional labor markets is conditioned by the tasks of making an innovative type of socially oriented economy, which is accompanied by its modernization, restructuring, while maintaining and strengthening the social orientation to improve the quality and living standards of the population. The labor market is heterogeneous, it has territorial peculiarities, that’s why, in order to develop effective measures to regulate it, a multifaceted study of factors, determining the state and directions of regional labor markets development, is necessary. It is well known that the labor market regulation is one of the priorities of the state (the successful social and economic development of the country as a whole depends from its effective functioning) and represents a process aimed to reducing unemployment, achieving full and effective employment of the population, increasing competitiveness in the labor market. In the system of factors, determining the determinants of the development of the labor market, an important role belongs to indirect (economic) instruments of state influence. Under the conditions of developing market relations in Kazakhstan, they acquire a dominant importance in comparison with direct (administrative) measures of state influence. Economic levers and incentives for labor market development include employment finance, social protection of the unemployed, vocational training and state support for small businesses. At the same time, their effective combination determines, in the final analysis, the effectiveness of the economic mechanism. Organizational measures should be aimed to improving employment policies, creating jobs, stimulating the development of entrepreneurship and self-employment. All methods are interlinked and mutually supportive. The main thing is that the content of these methods in practice does not contradict each other.
regulatory mechanism, regional labor market, social-oriented economy, organizational mechanism, economic mechanism, administrative methods, social and labor relations.
Вопрос о степени государственного присутствия на рынке труда сегодня является дискуссионным. Одни исследователи считают, что необходимость государственного регулирования регионального рынка труда обусловлена наличием ситуаций и факторов, в которых действие рыночного механизма оказывается неэффективным [1, С. 141-144; 2, с. 319; 3, с. 217; 4, С. 65-75 и др.] отмечают, что участие государства в регулировании рынка труда обязательным.
Существует и другая точка зрения: постоянное вмешательство государства в функционирование регионального рынка труда не всегда приводит к положительным результатам [5, с. 13; 6, с. 137; 7, 18 с.]. Подобная ситуация, по мнению И.Е.Золина, порождена недостаточной изученностью ряда методологических вопросов государственного регулирования экономики и, как следствие этого, несовершенством ее организационной структуры на различных уровнях (государственном, региональном, местном) [8].
По мнению автора, наиболее аргументированной является точка зрения экономистов-исследователей, свидетельствующих о необходимости совмещения государственного регулирования и рыночного саморегулирования рынка труда [9; 10, с. 293].
Так как важнейшей задачей государственного регулирования рынка труда является эффективная занятость населения, достигаемая на основе повышения и улучшения уровня и качества жизни, роста конкурентоспособности институциональных единиц рынка труда, стимулирования рационального распределения трудовых ресурсов по видам экономической деятельности, а также обеспечения гарантий в сфере трудовых отношений. Осуществление данной цели, конечно же, не означает, что государство вмешивается в развитие экономических процессов. Его влияние сосредоточено главным образом на содействии занятости населения, предупреждения или сокращения безработицы через основные государственные механизмы и инструменты регулирования.
В условиях социально-ориентированный экономики в Казахстане регулирование рынка труда, на наш взгляд, следует осуществлять в рамках проводимой политики занятости, которая должна быть дополнена соответствующим механизмом её реализации. Несомненно, необходимо обратить внимание на совершенствование механизмов регулирования рынка труда с учетом региональных особенностей и потребностей, оптимизировать расходы и определить ожидаемый экономический эффект.
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