Yaroslavl', Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
GRNTI 14.15 Система образования
GRNTI 14.25 Общеобразовательная школа. Педагогика общеобразовательной школы
The article reveals the features of building a system of physical education in the United States of America, which contributes to the development of a positive attitude and interest of students in physical physical exercise and sports. It is emphasized that this system is supranational in nature: American teachers and trainers use the experience of physical education of many other countries. Specificity of the organization of school sports and physical education in the US is seen through the prism of the numerous victories of the American team at the Olympic Games, as well as the successful performances of American athletes at various international competitions.
general education in the United States of America; sports education; American school; physical education of schoolchildren; university sports; attitude to sport in the USA; sport competitions; Olympic Games.
ФАКТОРЫ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ
СПЕЦИФИКУ СИСТЕМЫ
ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ И СПОРТА
В США
При изучении специфики организации занятий физкультурой и спортом в США внимание на себя обращают шесть факторов, во многом объясняющих достаточно высокую результативность американских участников разного рода международных спортивных соревнований:
1) культурный;
2) политический;
3) идеологический;
4) экономический;
5) географический;
6) демографический.
1. Bozhenova N.A. Sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya fizicheskogo vospitaniya v shkolakh SShA [The current state and prospects for the development of physical education in US schools]. Fizicheskoe vospitanie i sportivnaya trenirovka [Physical education and sports training]. 2015, I. 4, pp. 110-114.
2. Goloshchapov B.R. Istoriya fizicheskoy kul'tury i sporta [The history of physical culture and sports]. Moscow, Akademiya Publ., 2001. 312 p.
3. Gus'kov S.I., Kofman L.B. Sport i amerikanskaya shkola [Sports and the American school]. Sport, dukhovnye tsennosti, kul'tura [Sports, spiritual values, culture]. 1997, I. 7, pp. 149-153.
4. Danilova L.N. Fizicheskoe vospitanie shkol'nikov v Kanade, Germanii i SShA, ili Kak vyigrat' Olimpiadu [Physical education of schoolchildren in Canada, Germany and the USA, or How to win the Olympics]. Fizicheskoe kul'tura: vospitanie, obrazovanie, trenirovka [Physical culture: education, education, training]. 2010, I. 5, pp. 2-7.
5. Devis D.A. Effekt Olimpiyskikh igr: kak sportivnyy marketing sozdaet sil'nye brendy [The effect of the Olympic Games: how sports marketing creates strong brands]. Moscow, Rid Media Publ., 2013. 384 p.
6. Kretti B.D. Psikhologiya v sovremennom sporte [Psychology in modern sports]. Moscow, Fizkul'tura i sport Publ., 1978. 224 p.
7. Makintosh P. Motivatsiya sportsmenov-olimpiytsev [Motivation of Olympic athletes]. Sport, dukhovnye tsennosti, kul'tura [Sports, spiritual values, culture]. 1997, I. 2, pp. 62-69.
8. Molokov D.S. Zarubezhnyy opyt predostavleniya uslug v sfere dopolnitel'nogo obrazovaniya detey [Foreign experience of providing services in the sphere of additional education of children]. Yaroslavskiy pedagogicheskiy vestnik [Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin]. 2013, V. 2, I. 1, pp. 225-231.
9. Repkin S.B. Organizatsionno-ekonomicheskie aspekty razvitiya sporta v SShA [Organizational and economic aspects of sports development in the US]. Vestnik Polotskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta: ekonomicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki [Bulletin of the Polotsk State University: Economic and Legal Sciences]. 2015, I. 6, pp. 15-23.
10. Bundgaard A. Muscle and Manliness: The Rise of Sport in American Boarding Schools. - NY: Syracuse University Press, 2005. - 223 p.
11. Clotfelter C.T. Big-Time Sports in American Universities. - Cambridge: University Press, 2011. - 332 r.
12. Freeman W.H. Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society. - Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2013. - 438 r.
13. Gems G.R., Pfister G. Understanding American Sports. - NY: Routledge, 2009. - 456 r.
14. Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks. - World Health Organization (WHO). - 2009. - 62 r.
15. Jeziorksi R.M. The Importance of School Sports in American Education and Socialization. - UPA, 1994. - 144 r.
16. Michener J.A. Sports in America. - NY: Dial Press Trade, 1987. - 576 r.
17. Russell G.W. Psychological Issues in Sports Aggression // Sports Violence / ed. J.H. Goldstein.- NY: Springer-Verlag, 1983. - P. 157-181.
18. Sipes R.G. War, Sports, and Aggression: An Empirical Test of Two Rival Theories // American Anthropologist. - 1973. - I. 75 (1). - P. 64-86.
19. Shore S.M. Decreased Scholastic Achievement in Overweight Middle School Students / S.M. Shore, M.L. Sachs, J.R. Lidicker [et c.] // Obesity. -2008. I. 16 (1). - P. 53-58.
20. Sport Management: Principles and Applications / R. Hoye [et al.]. -Routledge, 2012. - 338 r.
21. Zillmann D., Bryant J., Sapolsky B.S. The Enjoyment of Watching Sports Contests // Sports, Games, and Play: Social and Psychological Viewpoints. - Hillsdale: Lawrence Eribaum, 1979. - P. 297-335.