GRNTI 06.61 Территориальная структура экономики. Региональная и городская экономика
BBK 65 Экономика. Экономические науки
TBK 7733 Регионоведение
BISAC BUS022000 Economic Conditions
The informal economy is becoming more and more noticeable fact in the modern world. The study of the informal economy in developing and developed countries, in urban and rural areas, has broadened the understanding of this multifaceted phenomenon. But the informal economy of small villages remains unexplored. Small villages of the Republic of Khakassia were threatened with extinction due to low incomes, unemployment and lack of social infrastructure. Therefore, since 2013 the state programs for the preservation and development of small villages were started in the region, providing for the repair of roads and houses, the creation of improvement facilities, assistance to consumer cooperation. The economic activity of the inhabitants of small villages remains largely informal, but its volume was not estimated either by statistical observation or monitoring of the employment service. The purpose of this article is to assess the informal economy of small villages of the Republic of Khakassia as a potential for their development. To this end, the author proposes an estimation method based on official statistics and the state employment service using the balance method, modeling employment, determining the volume of the informal economy on the basis of gross value added. The realization of this potential is impossible without the support of households and entrepreneurship of small villages by the state and municipal authorities of the Republic of Khakassia. The article concluded that the growth rate of the informal economy of small villages in Khakassia converged with the regional economy growth rates, and the volume is comparable to the revenues of the municipal budget of one district. It is noted that the Republican program of preservation and development of small villages, aimed at maintaining their social sphere, had a positive impact on economic development, including the informal economy.
program of preservation and development of small villages, the Republic of Khakassia, informal economy, gross value added, employment
1. International Labour Organization (2015). Recommendation concerning the Transition from the Informal to the Formal Economy, adopted by the Conference at its one hundred and fourth session, Geneva, 12 June 2015. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/ wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---ormes/documents/ normativeinstrument/wcms_ 386779.pdf (accessed 25 June 2019).
2. Gërxhani K. (2004) The Informal Sector in Developed and Less Developed Countries: A Literature Survey//doi=10.1.1.17.2818&rep=rep1&type=pdf
3. Pratap S., Quintin E. (2006) The Informal Sector in Developing Countries: Output, Assets and Employment. doi=10.1.1.395.5635&rep=rep1&type=pdf
4. Chreneková M., Melichová K., Marišová E., Moroz S.E (2016) Informal employment and quality of life in rural areas of Ukraine. European Countryside. 2:135-146. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1515/euco-2016-0011
5. Williams C.C. (2011) Entrepreneurship, the informal economy and rural communities. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy. 5-2:145-157. doi/abs/10.1108/17506201111131578
6. Weng X. (2015) The rural informal economy: Understanding drivers and livelihood impacts in agriculture, timber and mining. IIED Working Paper. IIED, London. ISBN: 978-1-78431-172-8
7. Changkery I., Pou Kh. (2014) Economics of Urban Informal Sector in Nagaland. Scholars’ Press, Germany. ISBN 978-3-639-66301-3
8. Townsend R. (2016) Village and Larger Economies: The Theory and Measurement of the Townsend Thai Project. Journal of Economic Perspectives. Vol. 30, on. 4, pp. 199-220. doi:https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.30.4.199
9. Asher S., Novosad P. (2018) Rural Roads and Local Economic Development. Policy Research. Working Paper 8466 URL: JEL Codes: O12/O18/J43
10. Barsukova S.Yu., Radaev V.V. Neformal'naya ekonomika v Rossii: kratkij obzor [The informal economy in Russia: a brief overview]. Ekonomicheskaya sociologiya [Economic Sociology]. 2012, V. 13, I. 2, pp. 99-111.
11. Gluhov V.V., Ostanin V.A., Rozhkov Yu.V. Ekonomicheskaya priroda denezhnyh fondov domashnih hozyajstv [The economic nature of household cash funds]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Volgograd University]. 2015, I. 4, pp. 42-52. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu3.2015.4.4.
12. Nikolaeva A.V. Formirovanie strategii ustojchivogo social'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya malyh nacional'nyh sel [Formation of a strategy for sustainable socio-economic development of small national villages]. Vestnik Krasnoyarskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University]. 2014, I. 4, pp. 304-309.
13. Gusakov T.Yu. Sel'skaya neformal'naya ekonomika krymskogo sela Novoalekseevka [The rural informal economy of the Crimean village of Novoalekseevka]. Krest'yanovedenie [Peasant Studies]. 2017, V. 2, I. 4, pp. 107-129. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22394/2500-1809-2017-2-4-107-129
14. Nikulin A.M. Neformal'naya ekonomika domohozyajstv sel'skoj Rossii: regional'nye i otraslevye osobennosti [The informal economy of households in rural Russia: regional and industry specifics]. Moscow: RANEPA Publ., 2018. 47 p. doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3160556 Available at: ftp://w82.ranepa.ru/rnp/wpaper/041807.pdf (accessed 25 June 2019).
15. Leshcheva M. G., Yuldashbayev Yu.A. (2018) Demographic Aspects of Forming the Human Capacity in agricultural Organizations of the Stavropol Territory [Bulletin of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan] 5(375): 137 - 143. doi.org/10.32014/2018.2518-1467.18
16. Dolgosrochnaya respublikanskaya celevaya programma \"Sohranenie i razvitie malyh sel Respubliki Hakasiya (2013-2015 gody)\" [The long-term republican target program "Preservation and development of small villages in the Republic of Khakassia (2013-2015)"]. Available at: http://base.garant.ru/20547148/ (accessed 25 June 2019).
17. Gosudarstvennaya programma Respubliki Hakasiya \"Sohranenie i razvitie malyh i otdalennyh sel Respubliki Hakasiya (2016-2018 gody)\" [The state program of the Republic of Khakassia "Preservation and development of small and remote villages of the Republic of Khakassia (2016-2018)"]. Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/430660043 (accessed 25 June 2019).
18. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Respubliki Hakasiya ot 31 oktyabrya 2018 goda N 517 «Ob utverzhdenii gosudarstvennoj programmy Respubliki Hakasiya \"Sohranenie i razvitie malyh sel Respubliki Hakasiya\" [Decree of the Government of the Republic of Khakassia dated October 31, 2018 N 517 "On approval of the state program of the Republic of Khakassia" Preservation and development of small villages of the Republic of Khakassia"]. Available at: http://www.garant.ru/hotlaw/hakas/1229216/ (accessed 25 June 2019).
19. Rezul'taty monitoringa za 2013 god rynka truda naselennyh punktov s chislennost'yu postoyannogo naseleniya do 200 chelovek s primeneniem metoda sociologicheskogo kartografirovaniya Ministerstva truda i zanyatosti Respubliki Hakasiya [Monitoring results for 2013 of the labor market of settlements with a resident population of up to 200 people using the method of sociological mapping of the Ministry of Labor and Employment of the Republic of Khakassia]. Available at: https://r-19.ru/authorities/state-committee-on-employment-of-the-republic-of-khakassia/common/1584/3177.html (accessed 25 June 2019).
20. Rezul'taty monitoringa za 2014god rynka truda naselennyh punktov s chislennost'yu postoyannogo naseleniya do 200 chelovek s primeneniem metoda sociologicheskogo kartografirovaniya Ministerstva truda i zanyatosti Respubliki Hakasiya [Monitoring results for 2014 of the labor market of settlements with a permanent population of up to 200 people using the method of sociological mapping of the Ministry of Labor and Employment of the Republic of Khakassia]. Available at: https://r-19.ru/authorities/state-committee-on-employment-of-the-republic-of-khakassia/common/1584/15347.html (accessed 25 June 2019).
21. Rezul'taty monitoringa za 2015 god rynka truda naselennyh punktov s chislennost'yu postoyannogo naseleniya do 200 chelovek s primeneniem metoda sociologicheskogo kartografirovaniya Ministerstva truda i zanyatosti Respubliki Hakasiya [Monitoring results for 2015 of the labor market of settlements with a resident population of up to 200 people using the method of sociological mapping of the Ministry of Labor and Employment of the Republic of Khakassia]. Available at: https://r-19.ru/authorities/state-committee-on-employment-of-the-republic-of-khakassia/common/1584/28448.html (accessed 25 June 2019).
22. Rezul'taty monitoringa za 2016 god rynka truda naselennyh punktov s chislennost'yu postoyannogo naseleniya do 200 chelovek s primeneniem metoda sociologicheskogo kartografirovaniya Ministerstva truda i zanyatosti Respubliki Hakasiya [Monitoring results for 2016 of the labor market of settlements with a resident population of up to 200 people using the method of sociological mapping of the Ministry of Labor and Employment of the Republic of Khakassia]. Available at: https://r-19.ru/authorities/state-committee-on-employment-of-the-republic-of-khakassia/common/1584/43236.html (accessed 25 June 2019).
23. Rezul'taty monitoringa za 2017 god rynka truda naselennyh punktov s chislennost'yu postoyannogo naseleniya do 200 chelovek s primeneniem metoda sociologicheskogo kartografirovaniya Ministerstva truda i zanyatosti Respubliki Hakasiya [Monitoring results for 2017 of the labor market of settlements with a permanent population of up to 200 people using the method of sociological mapping of the Ministry of Labor and Employment of the Republic of Khakassia]. Available at: https://r-19.ru/authorities/state-committee-on-employment-of-the-republic-of-khakassia/common/1584/58179.html (accessed 25 June 2019).
24. Kotova N.N., Cherepanova A.E. Problema ocenki masshtabov neformal'nogo sektora otechestvennoj ekonomiki [The problem of assessing the scale of the informal sector of the domestic economy]. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of the South Ural State University]. 2016, I. 10, I. 1, pp. 31-38.
25. Simutina N.L., Leventov N.N., Puzikova O.P. Vliyanie ekonomicheskih faktorov na uroven' zanyatosti v neformal'nom sektore: regional'nyj aspekt [The influence of economic factors on the level of employment in the informal sector: regional aspect]. Prostranstvennaya ekonomika [Spatial Economics]. 2018, I. 1, pp. 83-100.
26. Salin V.N., Narbut V.V. Neformal'naya zanyatost' naseleniya Rossii: ocenka masshtaba i vliyaniya na gosudarstvennye finansy strany [Informal employment of the Russian population: assessment of the scale and impact on the state finances of the country]. Finansy: teoriya i praktika [Finance: theory and practice]. V. 21, I. 6, pp. 60-69.
27. Non-observed Economy in National Accounts: Survey of Country Practices (2008) United Nation. New York and Geneva. Available at: https://www.unece.org/fileadmin /DAM/stats/publications/NOE2008.pdf (accessed 15 may 2019).
28. Regiony Rossii: Social'no-ekonomicheskie pokazateli - 2017 [Regions of Russia: Socio-economic indicators - 2017]. Rosstat [Rosstat]. Available at: http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/B17_14p/Main.htm (accessed 25 June 2019).
29. Pokazateli nacional'nyh schetov Rossii v 2011-2017 gg. [Indicators of national accounts of Russia in 2011-2017]. Rosstat [Rosstat]. Available at: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/accounts/ (accessed 25 May 2019).
30. Federal'nyj zakon ot 7 iyulya 2003 g. N 112-FZ «O lichnom podsobnom hozyajstve» [Federal law of July 7, 2003 N 112-FZ "On personal subsidiary plots"].
31. Naselenie: Starshee pokolenie. Rosstat [Population: Older generation. Rosstat]. Available at: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/ (accessed 25 June 2019).
32. Statistika naseleniya. Rosstat [Population statistics. Rosstat]. Available at: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1140097038766 (accessed 25 June 2019).
33. Nureev R.M., Ahmadeev D.R. Formal'naya i neformal'naya zanyatost' kak «bliznecy-brat'ya»: sovremennaya rossijskaya praktika [Formal and informal employment as “twin brothers”: modern Russian practice]. Terra Economicus [Terra Economicus]. 2015, V. 13, I. 3, pp. 16-33.
34. Cepelev O.A., Kolesnikova O.S. Uroven' dohodov naseleniya kak faktor formirovaniya tenevoj zanyatosti: regional'nyj aspekt [The income level of the population as a factor in the formation of shadow employment: a regional aspect]. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii [The standard of living of the population of the Russian regions]. 2017, I. 2 (204), pp. 163-168.
35. Aistov A.V., Larin A.V., Leonova L.A. Neformal'naya zanyatost' i udovletvorennost' zhizn'yu: empiricheskij analiz s uchetom endogennosti [Informal Employment and Life Satisfaction: An Empirical Analysis Based on Endogeneity]. Prikladnaya ekonometrika [Applied Econometrics]. 2012, I. 2 (26).
36. Muhanova M.N. Struktura zanyatosti sel'skogo naseleniya v neformal'nom sektore [The structure of rural employment in the informal sector]. Sociologicheskij zhurnal [Sociological Journal]. 2017, V. 23, I. 2, pp. 74-95.
