To date, the methods of laser irradiation applied to the skin is much more frequent than in any other tissues, due to an exceptional variety and prevalence of skin diseases and a variety of cosmetic defects, as well as the relative simplicity of the procedures, which is associated with a surface location of objects requiring lecheniya.Lazernoe rejuvenation can be attributed to the most efficient and versatile methods of struggle with involutional changes in the skin. Target chromophores for laser radiation are almost all the chemical structures of the skin - the water, hemoglobin, melanin, collagen. The selectivity of the laser action allows you to choose individual scheme correction of involutional disorders of the skin in any type of aging skin. Wide demand for laser treatments, their high efficiency dictate the need to synthesize the available current data on the benefits and features of the application, as well as to the tactics of patients that can benefit greatly assist the individual laser medicine in the choice of the most efficient technology with the correct ratio of efficacy and safety. In this review article provides current data on the method of laser skin resurfacing using a CO2 laser with a description of the phase of patient management. Describes in detail the predicted side effects, adverse events, and methods for their prevention and correction.
laser, laser photothermolysis, ablation
Методы лазерного воздействия применяются для манипуляций на коже намного чаще, чем на любых других тканях. Это объясняется двумя моментами. Во-первых, исключительным разнообразием и распространенностью кожной патологии и различных косметических дефектов, а во-вторых, относительной простотой выполнения процедур, что связано с поверхностным расположением объектов, требующих лечения.
Слово лазер – это побуквенный перевод англоязычного термина laser, сформированного из аббревиатуры от слов Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation – усиление света посредством стимулированной эмиссии излучения.
Лазеры, используемые в медицине, генерируют излучение в видимой (λ – 380-760 нм), инфракрасной (λ>760 нм), ультрафиолетовой (λ<380 нм) и рентгеновской (λ<1 нм) областях спектра электромагнитных волн.
Основой работы лазера является его активная среда. Материалом для нее могут быть твердые тела (кристаллы, сплавы, полупроводники), жидкости (растворы красителей) или газы (СО2, галогены, инертные газы или газовые смеси). От состава активной среды зависит длина волны и некоторые другие параметры излучения, испускаемого данным лазером. Активация среды достигается с помощью электромагнитных волн или мощного светового потока, в результате чего происходит возбуждение большинства молекул и атомов до возбужденного (excited) состояния. Спонтанное возвращение к исходному состоянию единичных молекул и атомов среды сопровождается выходом из каждого из них светового кванта (фотона электромагнитного излучения). Соударение такого фотона с другой возбужденной мишенью ведет к выходу из нее своего фотона (стимулированный фотон – stimulated), а он в свою очередь даст начало следующему и т.д. таким
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