Moskva, Moscow, Russian Federation
Methods for organization of air purification on Yekaterinburg city’s street road network are considered.Air pollution by motor transport and a polluting substances stream to the car salon are estimated with a use of the received consistent patterns, dispersive models, transport streams’ characteristics, and data on current weather conditions. On a streams’ balance basis a permissible density of cars (on the non-exceedance of CO maximum permissible threshold) on the city’s territory (no more than 12-12.5 cars/sq. km) taking into account their emissions and work of photocatalytic cleaners in vehicles’ salons and photocatalytic coverings on the street road network surfaces (acoustic screens, sidewalks, buildings), and also due to processing of the polluting substances by different types of wood vegetation (protective forest strips, parks and forest parks) has been established. It has been defined that the removal of CO by means of available city vegetation is equivalent to additional presence on the city’s streets of 0.2-0.4 % of cars of the operated transport’s total number without air deterioration. A necessary area of an active surface for photocatalytic cleaners in the car salon (0.1 sq. m), bus salon (0.5 sq. m), and also a width of protecting surfaces with the deposited photocatalytic coverings near the pedestrian zone (5m) are estimated in this work. It has been established that sharing of the considered cleaning methods is capable to lead to annual decrease of carbon oxide from 0.14 to 6 %, and nitrogen oxides from 0.15 to 5.78 % in average concentration around the city.
motor transport, street road network, air, cleaning, green plantings, photocatalytic cleaners.
1. Введение
Рост численности автомобильного парка в городах приводит к увеличению негативного воздействия на окружающую среду, в частности к росту загрязнения атмосферного воздуха на улично-дорожной сети (УДС). Традиционно принимаемые организационные, инженерно-технические мероприятия для улучшения экологической ситуации в городах, связанные с деятельностью автомобильного транспорта, во многом исчерпали свои возможности. Поэтому продолжается поиск дополнительных инструментов, направленных на нейтрализацию выбросов загрязняющих веществ непосредственно на УДС и в непосредственной близости от нее. Например, использование для очистки воздуха зеленых насаждений, а также различных видов фотокаталитических очистителей в салонах автомобилей и фотокаталитических покрытий объектов обустройства городских дорог или улиц [1, 7–9, 13]. Рассмотрим основные положения методики оценки эффективности очистки воздуха на улично-дорожной сети крупного города зелеными насаждениями и фотокаталитическими очистителями, которая была апробирована на примере г. Екатеринбурга.
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