Moskva, Moscow, Russian Federation
The article covers the question of the features of the process of the unification in the sphere of private international law within the European Union. The stages of development of the regional international union from the Economic Community to the European Union are also followed up in the article. The author explores the methods and instruments of such unification, makes conclusions about the phase of the unification of concrete institutes of private international law in the European Union. Besides that the author broaches a question of the unification/harmonization of the European contract law.
European Union, international private law, unification, harmonization regulation, directive, international agreements, substantive regulation, rules governing choice of laws, contractual relations
Унификации международного частного права в Европейском Союзе предшествовал длительный период сближения законодательства, интеграции правовых систем. В этот период государства совершенствовали систему административного регулирования своих экономик для достижения общих целей.
В основе интеграции европейских государств лежит Договор об учреждении Европейского экономического сообщества от 25 марта 1957 г. (вступил в силу 1 января 1958 г.) [29]. Фундаментом экономического сотрудничества явилось создание таможенного союза, который охватывал всю торговлю товарами и предусматривал запрет на установление импортных и экспортных таможенных пошлин и сборов, количественных ограничений в торговых отношениях между государствами-членами, гарантировал свободное передвижение трудящихся, предоставление услуг и осуществление расчетов. Фактически Договор создал необходимые условия для проведения общей торговой политики и формирования единого общеевропейского рынка. Постепенно интеграция в экономике вовлекала в данный процесс и другие сферы общественной жизни: политическую, социальную, культурную, информационную. Этапы развития региональной международной организации от Экономического Сообщества к Европейскому Союзу нашли отражение в Едином европейском акте 1986 г. (вступил в силу 1 июля 1987 г.), Договоре о Европейском Союзе 1992 г. (вступил в силу 1 ноября 1993 г.), Амстердамском договоре, изменяющем Договор о Европейском Союзе, договоры, учреждающие Европейские сообщества, и некоторые связанные с ними акты 1997 г. (вступил в силу 1 мая 1999 г.), Ниццком договоре, изменяющем Договор о Европейском Союзе, договоры, учреждающие Европейские сообщества, и некоторые связанные с ними акты 2001 г. (вступил в силу 1 февраля 2003 г.), Лиссабонском договоре, изменяющем Договор о Европейском Союзе и Договор об учреждении Европейского Сообщества 2007 г. (вступил в силу 1 декабря 2009 г.).
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