The review described the need for medical and biological monitoring of the training of athletes, especially in sports of the higher achievements. The authors show physiological changes in cardiovascular system during the training process, give a characterization of the role of cellular elements of blood, neurons of the nervous system during training and competition. The significance of the regulation of gas exchange, the formation of hypercapnia, hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia, the causes of violation, the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption are determined. The authors provide data about the energy level of the body in connection with the processes of free radical oxidation of nonesterified fatty acids at the level of energy – enzymatic biochemical reactions that form adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They emphasize the importance of immunity disorders in sports of the higher achievements. The emphasis is on the risk of sudden death during different sports and reasons for its occurrence. The authors point to the risks associated with the use of pharmacological doping, first of all, anabolic steroids, hormones and hormone-like substances - erythropoietin. A genetic method of increasing physical activity is characterized.
sports of the higher achievements, the physiology of the training process, free radical oxidation, doping, steroids, erythropoietin, sudden death.
1. Agadzhanyan N.A., Smirnov V.M. Normal´naya fiziologiya. Uchebnik dlya vuzov. M.: MIA., 2007. 520 s.
2. Appolonova C.A., Dikunets M.A., Rodchenkov G.M. Khromatograficheskiy metod opredeleniya eritropoetina po biokhimicheskim markeram v dopingovom kontrole sportsmenov. Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii. 2009. T. 83, № 4. S. 615-624.
3. Gorchakova N.A., Gudivok Ya.S., Gunina L.M. Farmakologiya sporta / Pod obshch. red. S.A. Oleynika, L.M. Guninoy, R.D. Seyfully. K.: Olimp. l-ra, 2010. 640 s.
4. Zakharov Yu.M. Tsitoprotektornye funktsii eritropoetina. Klinicheskaya nefrologiya. 2009. № 1. S. 16-21.
5. Ivanov D.V., Khadartsev A.A. Kletochnye tekhnologii v vosstanovitel´noy meditsine: Monografiya / Pod red. A.N. Lishchuka. Tula: Tul´skiy poligrafist, 2011. 180 s.
6. Kazantseva N.V. Gusev E.I., Makarova L.D., Petukhov V.B. Baroterapiya pri sosudistykh zabolevaniyakh mozga. Zhurn. nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 2001, prilozhenie «Insul´t», vyp. 2. S. 48-55.
7. Kidalov V.N., Krayukhin A.S., Lushnov M.S., Syasin N.I., Khadartsev A.A., Yakushina G.N. Izmeneniya formy, ul´trastruktury i fluorestsentsii eritrotsitov perifiricheskoy krovi, transformiruyushchikhsya v poykilotsity. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. 2005. № 3-4. S. 26-29.
8. Kidalov V.N., Khadartsev A.A. Sanogenez i sanogennye reaktsii eritrona. Problemy meditsiny i obshchee predstavlenie o sanogeneze. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. 2005. № 3-4. S. 5-9
9. Kidalov V.N., Khadartsev A.A., Kulikova L.N., Molochko L.N., Ignat´ev V.V., Yakushina G.N., Karetnikov A.V. Garmoniya ritmov, dinamika i fraktal´nost´ krovi, kak proyavleniya sanogeneza: Monografiya / Pod red. A.A. Khadartseva. Tula: OOO RIF «INFRA» - Sankt-Peterburg, 2006. 172 s.
10. Kidalov V.N., Khadartsev A.A., Syasin N.I., Yakushina G.N., Krayukhin A.V. Autofluorestsentsiya nativnykh tkaney i kletok krovi i ee znachenie dlya meditsinskoy praktiki: Monografiya. Tula - Sankt Peterburg, 2005. 108 s.
11. Osikov M.V., Grigor´ev T.A., Fedosov A.A. Sovremennye predstavleniya o gemostaziologicheskikh effektakh eritropoetina. Fundamental´nye issledovaniya. 2013. № 5-1. S. 196-200.
12. Smolenskiy A.V., Lyubina B.G. Vnezapnaya smert´ v sporte: mify i real´nost´. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul´tury. 2002. №10. S. 39-42.
13. Fudin N.A., Khadartsev A.A. Mediko-biologicheskoe obespechenie fizicheskoy kul´tury i sporta vysshikh dostizheniy. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. 2010. № 1. C. 149-150.
14. Fudin N.A., Khadartsev A.A., Nesmeyanov A.A. Vozmozhnosti aktivatsii mitokhondrial´noy aktivnosti u sportsmenov meksidolom. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. Elektronnoe izdanie. 2015. №2. Publikatsiya 2-8. URL: http://www.medtsu.tula.ru/VNMT/Bulletin/E2015-2/5171.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 05.05.2015). DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/11204
15. Khadartsev A.A., Es´kov V.M., Khadartsev V.A., Ivanov D.V. Kletochnye tekhnologii s pozitsiy sinergetiki. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. 2009. № 4. S. 7-9.
16. Khadartsev A.A., Fudin N.A., Orlov V.A. Mediko-biologicheskie tekhnologii v sporte. Moskva: Izd-vo «Izvestiya», 2011. 460 s.
17. Erythropoietin modulates angiotensin II- or noradrenaline-induced Ca(2 +) mobilization in culture rat vascular smooth-muscle cells / Akimoto T., Kusano E., Fujita N. [et al.]. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2001. Vol. 16, № 3. P. 491-499.
18. Brines M.L. The therapeutic potential of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for tissue protection: a tale of two receptors. Blood Purif. 2010. Vol. 29, № 2. P. 86-92.
19. Brissaud O., Villega F., Konsman J. Short-term effect of erythropoietin on brain lesions and aquaporin 4 expression in a hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rat model assessed by magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging and immunohistochemistry. Pediatr. Res. 2010. Vol. 68, № 2. P. 123-127.
20. Cariou A., Andry S., Claessens Y.E. Extra-hematopoietic effects of erythropoietin. Cardiovasc. Hematol. Disord. Drug. Targets. 2008. Vol. 8, № 3. P. 173-178.
21. Kang Y.J., Digicaylioglu M., Russo R. Erythropoietin plus insulin-like growth factor-I protects against neuronal damage in a murine model of human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorders. Ann. Neurol. 2010. Vol. 68, № 3. P. 342-352.
22. Katavetin P., Tungsanga K., Eiam-Ong S. Antioxidative effects of erythropoietin. Kidney Int. Suppl. 2007. Vol. 107. P. 10-15.
23. Kim M.S., Seo Y.K., Park H.J. The neuroprotective effect of recombinant human erythropoietin via an antiapoptotic mechanism on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Korean J. Pediatr. 2010. Vol. 53, № 10. P. 898-908.
24. Lappin T. The cellular biology of erythropoietin receptors. The Oncologist. 2003. Vol. 8, № 1. P. 15-18.
25. Sudden Deaths in Young Competitive Athletes: Analysis of 1866 Deaths in the United States, 1980-2006 / Maron B.J., Doerer J.J., Haas T.S. [et al.]. Circulation. March 3. 2009. V.119. R. 1085-1092.
26. Mayer J. Verletzungsmanagement im Spitzensport (Menedzhment travm v professional´nom sporte). (Forum Sportwissenschaft, Band: 20) Hamburg: Czwalina, 2010.
27. Thiel A., Diehl K., Giel K., Schnell A., Schubring A., Mayer J., Zipfel S., Schneider, S. The German Young Olympic Athletes‘ Lifestyle and Health Management Study (GOAL Study): design of a mixed-method study. BMC Public Health. 2011. 11 (1). P. 410.
28. Thiel A., Mayer J., Digel H. Gesundheit und Spitzensport (Zdorov´e i professional´nyy sport). Sozialwissenschaftliche Analysen. Schorndorf: Hofmann, 2010.
29. The effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on hemostatic status in chronic uremic patients / Tsao C.J., Kao R.H., Cheng T.Y. [et al.]. Int. J. Hematol. 1992. Vol. 55, № 2. P. 197-203.
