Employment issues are more and more a priority in the agenda of the international meetings (G20) and institutions. There is a general awareness that policies and actions on the topic have not to be strictly limited to the best functioning of the labor market structures, but have to be linked to the policies addressing all the main changing factors of our contemporary societies. “Go structural” is the key recommendation (OECD, 2012). In some respects, this awareness and approach, as well as the related commitments, mostly emerged in the recent hard times, represent a novelty which requires, among other things, a convergence of diff erent scientifi c discipline, a shared theoretical vision and interpretative methodology of the current changing processes. In this condition the scientifi c community has the opportunity to give a proper contribution to a sustainable and balanced progress of the society by verifying the elements and the stage of this convergence. To this aim the Author highlights the importance to adopt a systemic approach in the analysis, to refer to the post-industrial society model, to clarify the implications of a structural crisis. Particularly challenging for the scientifi c community are the open problems dealing with the need of new economic policies, new relationship between quality and quantity in the development processes, new welfare systems; and, for what concerns specifi cally the labor policies, the indications to elaborate with reference to three main strategic issues: fl exibility, skills and competences, monitoring and the relations to build between Information, Communication, Knowledge, Decisions and Action. The advices as well as the questions presented in the article open the way to possible, new research activities. Ключевые слова: политика в сфере занятости и трудовых отно- шений, нерешенные
the employment and labour policies key open questions, the scientifi c community, new economic policies, new relationship between quality and quantity, the development processes, new welfare systems, new research activities.
Introduction
The labor problems as well as the main issues related to the validity of the employment models, labor market effi ciency, human resources management, in recent times have assumed a primary importance in the commitments of the international summits (G20), supranational institutions (IMF, WB, OECD, in particular), the governments of the major industrialized countries of the world. In some respects, this particular attention to the labor problems is a novelty in comparison with the advices of previous commitments and documents, even in the recent past, in which these problems and issues were recognized to play as a secondary and subordinate role as regards the priority need to defi ne proper macroeconomic development policies. Th is new attitude on the labor problems is, at present, indicative of a general willingness to address one of the main crucial issue of the current globalization processes, one of the structural constraints that limit the practical possibilities of pursuing a balanced, sustainable development.
1. BAUMAN ZYGMUNT: Liquid Modernity, Ed Laterza, Bari, 2002.
2. EU Commission: Beyond GNP, Communication, COM (2009) 433 FNAL, Brussels, August 20, 2009
3. EU COMMISSION: People, the economy and pure planet: Sustainable development insights, Conference on sustainable development, 2009 EU COMMISSION: Regional Innovation Scoreboard, 2014 EURISPES: 27° Rapporto Italia (27° Report on Italy), Datanews, Rome, 2015 EUROPEAN UNION :The Lisbon Treaty, Brussels, 2009.
4. GALLINO LUCIANO : The human cost of flexibility, Ed Laterza, Roma-Bari, 2001 GRINBERG R., RUBINSTEIN A.: Economic Socio-Dynamics, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2005 LARSEN C., RAND S., SCHMID A., NEIL R. (editors), Sustainable Economy and Sustainable Employment, Rainer Hampp Verlag, Muenchen 2014.
5. MEADOWS D.H. et al.: The limits to Growth. A Report for the Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicaments of Mankind, New York Universe, 1972
6. OECD: Venice Action Statement 2008, Venice, 2008.
7. OECD : Handbook on constructing composite indicators: methodology and user guide, Paris, 2008 OECD: Better Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives, Paris, 2012.
8. EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT - COUNCIL: Building The European Framework of Qualifications for Continuing Education, Recommendation of 23.4.2008, (2008/C 111/01), Brussels, 2008 REYNERI E.: Sociologia del mercato del lavoro. Le forme dell’occupazione, (Sociology of Labour Market. The Forms of Employment), Vol.II, Il Mulino, Bologna, 2011 RIFKIN JEREMY: The End of Work, Ed Baldini & Castoldi, Milano, 1998 RIFKIN J.: La terza rivoluzione industriale (The Third Industrial Revolution), Mondadori, Milano, 2011.
9. SENNETT RICHARD: The Culture of the New Capitalism, Ed Il Mulino, Bologna, 2006 SENNETT RICHARD: The Flexible Man, Ed Feltrinelli, Milano, 1999 SMITH L.C.: The World in 2050, Penguin, 2011.
10. STIGLITZ J., Making Globalization Work, (La globalizzazione che funziona), Einaudi, Torino, 2006.
11. STIGLITZ J.E., SEN A., FITOUSSI J-P,: Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, Paris, 2009 SUTHERLAND D., PRICE R., JOURMARD I., NICQ C.: Performance and Indicators for Public Spending Efficiency in Primary and Secondary Education, OECD, Economics Department Working Papers, N. 546, 2011 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION: Prosperity without Growth? The transition to a sustainable economy, U.K., 2009.
12. UNEP: Keeping Track of our Changing Environment: From Rio to +Rio20, New York, 2011 UNEP : Towards a Green Economy. Patways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication, St-Martin-Bellevue, 2011, 20 Documents, Brisbane Summit, 15-16 November 2014 - a selection Documents agreed by the G20 summit G20 Leaders’ Final Communique’ Brisbane Action Plan, November 2014.
13. G20 Note on the Global Infrastructure Initiative and Hub, November 2014 2014 Financial Inclusion Action Plan, November 2014 G20 Plan to Facilitate Remittance Flows, November 2014 G20 Food Security and Nutrition Framework, November 2014 Development Working Group Accountability Framework, November 2014 2015-16 G20 Anti-Corruption Action Plan, November 2014.
14. G20 High-Level Principles on Beneficial Ownership Transparency, November 2014.
15. G20 Principles of Energy Collaboration, November 2014.
16. G20 Energy Efficiency Action Plan, November 2014.
17. The 2015 G20 Accountability Assessment Process, November 2014.
18. 2014 Accountability Assessment Report, November 2014.
19. Ministerial statements G20 Labour and Employment Ministerial Declaration, Melbourne 10-11 September 2014 (Including G20 Statement on Safer and Healthier Workplaces).
20. Supporting documents G20 Members’ Comprehensive Growth Strategies, November 2014 G20 Members’ Country Employment Plans, November 2014 IMF Surveillance Note, November 2014.
21. Quantifying the Impact of G20 Members’ Growth Strategies, OECD/IMF report, November 2014 G20 Labour Markets: Outlook, Key Challenges and Policy Responses, OECD, ILO and World Bank Group, November 2014.
22. Opportunities for Economic Growth and Job Creation in Relation to Food Security and Nutrition, FAO and OECD (with inputs from ADB,IFAD,ILO, IFPRI and WTO) September 2014.
