Orel, Orel, Russian Federation
Crimes against personal liberty are numerous and latent in nature. As a result, investigators should rely on scientific recommendations as early as at the preliminary stage of investigation because the procedural means of preliminary verification of crime reports have increased in number. The article describes judicial and investigative practice of investigation of crimes against personal liberty, as well as issues of investigative verification that arise at the preliminary stage. The research covered the following situations: a) the offence report was filed by relatives or witnesses (31.9%); b) information about the crime surfaced as a result of investigative measures (21.8%); c) the crime report was filed by the victim (44.2%). A set of systematic and activity-based approaches combined with standard research methods made it possible to conclude that the abovementioned situations require consistent and scientific algorithms for a legitimate and informed decision to be made in line with Article 145 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. In the first case, the algorithm is aimed at obtaining billing data from relatives and witnesses. The second verification situation requires an operational experiment. The third situation requires a set of investigative actions and search measures based on the information received from the victim.
personal liberty, crimes, investigative situations, stages of investigation, preliminary stage of investigation, activity algorithms, investigator
1. Vardanyan A. V., Kuleshov R. V. Revisiting principles of formation of individual criminalistics methods. Russian Investigator, 2015, (22): 7–13. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/untrwd
2. Volcheckaya T. S. Forensic situation studies. Dr. Law Sci. Diss. Moscow, 1997, 395. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/nlksbv
3. Garmaev Yu. P. Theoretical foundations of developing criminalistic methods of crime investigation. Dr. Law Sci. Diss. Abstr. Moscow, 2003, 39. (In Russ.)
4. Komarov I. M. Investigative situation and the basics of a preliminary investigation into a murder by a mother of a newborn child following the disappearance of his corpse. Jurist-Pravoved, 2020, (1): 146–150. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/nkuibt
5. Belkin R. S. Criminalistics: Problems, trends, and prospects: General and particular theories. Moscow: Iurid. lit., 1987, 270. (In Russ.)
6. Gavlo V. K., Klochko V. E., Kim D. V. Forensic investigation situations: Psychological and criminalistic aspects. Barnaul: ASU, 2006, 226. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/tgvbmf
7. Golovin A. Yu. Forensic taxonomy. Moscow: LeksEst, 2002, 305. (In Russ.)
8. Drapkin L. Ya. Concept and classification of investigative situations. Investigative situations and crime investigation, eds. Gerasimov I. F., Glazyrin F. V., Drapkin L. Ya., Komarov V. K. Sverdlovsk: SLI, 1975, 26–44. (In Russ.)
9. Ishhenko E. P., Toporkov A. A. Criminalistics. Moscow: Kontrakt, 2005, 746. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/qwfxvh
10. Lavrov V. P., Rahmatullin R. R., Romanov V. I., Shalimov A. N. Criminalistics. Moscow: Prospekt, 2015, 256. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/mpkmpo
11. Luzgin I. M. Investigation as a learning process. Moscow: Vyssh. shkola MVD SSSR, 1969, 176. (In Russ.)
12. Kim D. V. Theoretical and applied aspects of forensic situations. Barnaul: ASU, 2008, 196. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/tgvbfh
13. Kuleshov R. V. Theoretical and methodological foundations for the disclosure and investigation of crimes in the field of extremist and terrorist activities. Dr. Law Sci. Diss. Rostov-on-Don, 2017, 545. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/sbazrb
14. Oblakov A. F. Criminalistic characteristics of crimes and criminalistic situations. Habarovsk: Habarov. vyssh. shk., 1985, 86. (In Russ.)
15. Selivanov N. A. The criminologist's Reference book. Moscow: Norma-Infra-M, 2000, 727. (In Russ.)
16. Shatalov A. S. Algorithmization and programming of investigation in the criminalistics methodology. Law. Journal of the higher school of economics, 2017, (2): 155–172. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17323/2072-8166.2017.2.155.172
17. Shurukhnov N. G. Criminology. 2nd ed. Moscow: Eksmo, 2008, 718. (In Russ.)
18. Yablokov N. P. Criminalistics. Moscow: LeksEst, 2003, 373. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/qvqwnb
19. Volchetskaya T. S. The role, stages and prospects of the situational approach in modern criminology. Vestnik of the Kaliningrad branch of the Saint-Petersburg university of the ministry of internal affairs of Russia, 2016, (4): 9–11. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/xhofdh
20. Khalikov A. N. Hermeneutic problems of interpretation of criminalistic information in criminal case investigation. Russian Investigator, 2021, (2): 19–23. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18572/1812-3783-2021-2-19-23
21. Churilov S. N. Stages of investigation in standard forensic techniques. Relevant issues of criminal and criminal procedure law: Current state and prospects of development, eds. Danelyan R. S., Feklin S. I. Moscow, 2016, 104–112. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/ykxast
22. Zelenetsky V. S. Pre-investigation situations in Soviet criminal process. Investigative situation, ed. Klochkov V. V. Moscow, 1985, 30–32. (In Russ.)
23. Podolny N. A. Preparatory stage to investigation – the stage of forming the information basis of detection and investigation of crimes. Criminalist's library, 2014, (4): 249–257. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/sictpr
24. Sotnikov K. I. General provisions of criminalistic methodology of crime investigation. Criminology, ed. Chelysheva O. V. St. Petersburg: St.-Petersburg university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2017, 487–526. (In Russ.)
25. Shuruhnov N. G., Meretsky N. E., Savchenko N. I. Preliminary investigation of bribery (Articles 290, 291 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation): Features, controversy, and content. Current criminal procedure law of Russia: Lessons of history and further reforms: Proc. Intern. Conf., Orel, 20–21 Oct 2016. Orel, 2016, 424–432. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/xijvdp
26. Konin V. V., Marina E. V. Tactical-forensic support of the verification of statements and reports on the stage of criminal case initiation. Forensics: Yesterday, today, tomorrow, 2020, (2): 116–130. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24411/2587-9820-2020-10034
27. Kaliuzhnyi A. N. The system of investigative activities at the stage of initiation of a criminal case: Features and structure. Actual problems of Russian law, 2016, (5): 140–146. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2016.66.5.140-146
28. Tskhovrebova I. A. Renovated legal regulation of checking crime reports. Public and private law, 2013, (4): 149–156. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/rxbwmt
29. Martynenko S. B. The question on evolution of the criminal procedure regulation of the preliminary checks of crime reports. Lex Russica, 2018, (7): 98–113. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2018.140.7.098-113
30. Maslennikova L. N., Vilkova T. Yu., Sobenin A. A., Tabolina K. A. Theory and practice of initiating a criminal case. Moscow: Norma; INFRA-M, 2022, 288. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.12737/1856497
31. Knyazkov A. S. Investigative theory as element of informative model of investigation of a crime. Tomsk State University Journal, 2011, (348): 89–92. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/nvyhbx
32. Jejsman A. A. The logic of proof. Moscow, 1971, 110. (In Russ.)
33. Stepanenko D. A. Algorithmization of research and investigative activity of the person who conducts investigation: Grounds, possibilities, problems. Russian Investigator, 2016, (10): 3–7. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/waifsb
34. Bagmet A. M., Bychkov V. V., Skobelin S. Yu., Ilyin N. N. Digital traces of crimes. Moscow: Prospekt, 2021, 168. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31085/9785392328680-2021-168
35. Gusev V. A., Lugovik V. F. Theory of operational investigative procedures. Moscow: Prospekt, 2019, 336. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31085/9785392288403-2019-336
36. Shekshueva O. N. Criminal case initiation: When and why. Russian Investigator, 2022, (9): 32–35. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18572/1812-3783-2022-9-32-35
37. Rudenko A. V., Zavyalov V. A. Conceptual differentiation of "tactical operation" and "tactical combination". Theory and practice of social development, 2015, (21): 98–100. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/uyjtwz
38. Abramov A. M. Operational combination as a method of solution of special operational and tactical problems. Vestnic of the Russian customs academy, 2012, (2): 70–72. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/oxiysh
39. Khromov E. V., Zyablikov V. Yu. Specifics of application of the operative experiment and test purchase. Zakonnost, 2022, (7): 56–62. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/axbraq
