Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
The A.I. Kuzmin Cosmic Ray Spectrograph in Yakutsk contains a 24-NM-64 neutron monitor and a system of underground MT and SMT muon detectors for recording muons at levels of 0, 7, 20, and 40 m of water equivalent. The temperature effect of muons observed with MT telescopes on gas-discharge counters has been analyzed in the previous work [Yanchukovsky, 2023]. Here we calculate the temperature effect of muons recorded by SMT telescopes. Distributions of the density of temperature coefficients for muons recorded on the surface and at different depths underground were found from SMT telescope data for the period from January 2016 to December 2018, using data on the altitude profile of the atmosphere temperature over Yakutsk for the same period. In the analysis of multidimensional data, we applied the methods of regression on principal components. When constructing a system of linear equations in the space of principal components, we employed the method of projections to latent structures (PLS2). The obtained results were compared with the results of theoretical calculations. The found distributions of the density of temperature coefficients allow us to correctly take into account the temperature effect in data from SMT muon telescopes.
cosmic rays, atmosphere, muons, telescope, temperature effect
1. Aivazyan S.A., Buhshtaber V.M., Enyukov I.S., Meshalkin L.D. Prikladnaya Statistika. Klassifikatsiya i snizhenie razmernosti [Applied statistics. Classification and dimension lowering]. Moscow, Finansy i statistika Publ., 1989, p. 607. (In Russian).
2. Dayal B.S., McGregor J.F. Improved PLS algorithms. J. Chemometrics. 1997, vol. 11, pp. 73–65.
3. De Jong S., Ter Braak C. Comments on the PLS kernel algorithm. J. Chemometrics. 1994, vol. 8, pp. 169–174.
4. Esbensen K. Analysis of Multidimensional Data. Selected Chapters. Chernogolovka, IPHF RAN Publ., 2005, 160 p. (In Russian).
5. Gerasimova S.K., Gololobov P.Yu., Grigor’ev V.G., Zverev A.S., Starodubtsev S.A., Egorov A.G., Neustroev N.I., Mikheev A.A., Sorokin E.E., Karmadonov A.Ya., Pakhmulov A.V. Muon telescope on scintillation counters.Pribory i tekhnika etksperimenta [Instruments and experimental technique]. 2021, no. 4, pp. 65–73. (In Russian).
6. Gorlach B.A. Matematika [Mathematics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2006, 911 p. (In Russian).
7. Grigoryev V.G., Starodubtsev S.A., Krymsky G.F., Krivoshapkin P.A., Timofeev V.E., Prikhodko A.N., Karmadonov A.Ya. Modern Yakutsk Cosmic Ray Spectrograph after A.I. Kuzmin. Proc. 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, 2011, vol. 11, pp. 252–255, id0360. DOI:https://doi.org/10.7529/ICRC2011/V11/0360.
8. Jolliffe I.T. Principal Component Analysis. New York, Springer, 2002, 516 p. (Springer Series in Statistics).
9. Korn G., Korn T. Spravochnik po matematike dlya nauchnykh rabotnikov i inzhenerov [A Handbook of Mathematics for Scientists and Engineers]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1984, 831 p. (In Russian). (English edition: Korn G., Korn T. Mathematical Handbook for Scientists and Engineers. New York, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1968, 1130 p.)
10. Kuzmenko V.S., Yanchukovsky V.L. Determination of the density of temperature coefficients for muons in the atmosphere. Solnechno-zemnaya fizika [Solar-Terrestrial Physics]. 2015, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 91–96. (In Russian). DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/10403.
11. Kuzmenko V.S., Yanchukovsky V.L. Distribution of temperature coefficient density for muons in the atmosphere. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2017, vol. 3, iss. 4, pp. 104–116. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/19883.
12. Lindgren F., Geladi P., Wold S. The kernel algorithm for PLS. J. Chemometrics. 1993, vol. 7, pp. 45–59. DOI: 10.1002/ cem.1180070104.
13. Pomerantsev A.L. Khemometrika v Excel: uchebnoe posobie. [Chemometrics in Excel: Tutorial]. Tomsk, TPU Publ., 2014, 435 p. (In Russian).
14. Principal Manifolds for Data Visualization and Dimension Reduction / Gorban A.N., Kegl B., Wunsch D., Zinovyev A.Y. (Eds). Berlin; Heidelberg; New York, Springer, 2007, 364 p. (Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, vol. 58).
15. Shapley A.H. Guide to International Data Exchange in Solar-Terrestrial Physics / IUCSTP Working Group 1. Budapest, 1969, p. 5.
16. Starodubtsev S.A., Grigor’ev V.G., Isakov D.D., Karmadonov A.Ya., Pakhmulov A.V., Egorov A.G., Ksenofontov I.V. Modernization of the Yakutsk Cosmic Ray Spectrograph named after A.I. Kuzmin. Proc. All-Russian Conference on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.E. Stepanov, Irkutsk, ISZF SO RAN Publ., 2013, pp. 289–293. (In Russian).
17. Starodubtsev S.A., Grigor’ev V.G., Gololobov P.Yu. Yakutsk Cosmic Ray Spectrograph named after A.I. Kuzmin: Current state. Proc. All-Russian Conference “Heliogeophysical Research in the Arctic”] Murmansk, Polar Geophysical Institute Publ., 2016, pp. 125–129. (In Russian).
18. Yanchukovsky V.L. Muon intensity variations and atmospheric temperature. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2020, vol. 6, iss. 1, pp. 108–115. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-61202013.
19. Yanchukovsky V. Temperature effect of muons registered under the ground in Yakutsk by telescopes on gas-discharge counters. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2023, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 55–65. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-92202307.
20. Yanchukovsky V.L., Filimonov G.Ya. Variatsii neitronnoi komponenty kosmicheskikh luchei [Variations in the neutron component of cosmic rays]. Preprint no. 1. Novosibirsk, OIGGiM SO AN SSSR Publ., 1994, 11 p. (In Russian).
21. Yanchukovsky V.L., Kuzmenko V. Atmospheric effects of the cosmic-ray mu-meson component. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2018, vol. 4, iss. 3, pp. 76–82. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-43201810.
22. URL: https://ikfia.ysn.ru/dannye-lklve (accessed November 15, 2024).
23. URL: https://ikfia.ysn.ru/data/hecrlab/mt (accessed November 15, 2024).
24. URL: https://ikfia.ysn.ru/data/hecrlab/ipm (accessed November 15, 2024).
25. URL: https://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/products/gfs (accessed November 15, 2024).
26. URL: https://www.aspentech.com/en/products/apm/aspen-unscrambler (accessed November 15, 2024).
27. URL: http://www.ckp-rf.ru/usu/433536 (accessed November 15, 2024).
