Russian Federation
The rapid development of medical technologies, the discovery of fundamentally new opportunities in the medical field inevitably give rise to the emergence of different positions and points of view on the possibility of their application in practical medicine, both in the ethical and legal aspect. At the present stage, the main problems of medical ethics are the following questions:1.) Relationship between medical staff and patient. Relations between the medical worker, the patient and his relatives should be built in accordance with the principles of medical ethics. Dehumanization belongs to the same problem. Currently, the workload on medical personnel has increased significantly compared to the period of ten years ago. The need to work at an accelerated pace often leaves no opportunity to take into account all the characteristics of the patient and provide him with the necessary amount of attention. Of course, when prescribing therapy, concomitant diseases and other features of the patient's body, her opinion are taken into account, but there is no time left for full immersion in psychological problems of the patient. 2.) Rights of a medical worker and patient. Currently, the rights of both medical staff and patients are fixed at the legislative level, however, questions and disagreements in this regard still regularly arise. A special place is occupied by the issue of the legality of medical intervention without the patient's consent. 3.) Experiments on animals and humans.4.) Iatrogenic diseases, medical error insurance. 5.) Ethical, legal and social aspects of termination of pregnancy (abortion). 6.) Moral and legal status of the embryo. This problem echoes the problem of abortion. There are also several opinions here. Some believe that the embryo (and even the fetus), while it is in the woman's womb, is part of her body and does not yet have the right to life, i.e. termination of pregnancy from a moral and legal point of view is permissible at any stage of intrauterine development (embryo/fetus) (liberal position). According to the conservative position, the fetus (and even the embryo) is a person from the moment of conception and, therefore, has the right to life to the fullest, i.e. abortion is nothing more than the murder of a person. There is also a third moderate position. Its supporters consider abortion morally acceptable only at the initial stages of fetal development (currently, at the legislative level in the Russian Federation, termination of pregnancy is possible in the absence of medical indications before the 12th week of gestation).
Moral and ethical problems, medical ethics, clinical trials
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