MILITARY CHRONICLE OF SOCHI IN DOCUMENTARY PHOTOGRAPHS: EDUCATIONAL ASPECT
Authors:
1.
The International Innovative University
Type:
Article
Pages:
from 21
to 28
Status:
Published
Received:
22.01.2025
Accepted:
02.02.2025
Published:
18.06.2025
Subject area:
UDC 355.48
Language:
Russian
Keywords:
Great Patriotic War, victory of the Soviet people, Victory Day, photo reportage, art of photography, hospital, treatment of the wounded in Sochi, military press of 1941–1945
Abstract:
Introduction. The article presents an overview of documentary photographs taken in Sochi during the Great Patriotic War. The city's role in the victory over the enemy is characterized, the photographs describe the life and work of hospitals, the situation of soldiers undergoing treatment, the hard workdays of Sochi residents, as well as medical personnel. The educational value of documentary materials of those years for the spiritual and moral development of students is revealed. Materials and methods. The author used the following methods: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, generalization, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, historical and comparative method, etc. The materials used were scientific works on pedagogical theory, the theory of humanization of education, photo documents on the history of World War II, research on photojournalism, art criticism, photo reportage methods, psychology. Results. During the war, district party committees obliged newspaper editors to cover and show heroism in each issue not only at the front, but also in the rear, in agriculture, industry and medicine (in hospitals). Thus, a unique documentary base of publications was created, containing pictures from the scene. Photo reportage as the main tool of photojournalism is a reportage made by means of photography, production of photographs for publication in the press. It is the vitality, documentary nature, dynamism of the reportage photo that make the viewer passionately experience the depicted event and make him a participant in what is happening. The population of the country and the front fighters were informed by photos and articles in Soviet newspapers, for example, that the world-famous balneological hospital "Matsesta" during the war also became one of the hospitals and accepted more than 100,000 wounded and sick within its walls. The employees worked practically without breaks — everything was aimed at quickly getting the wounded defenders back on their feet. In Sochi hospitals, wounded soldiers who were recovering were not only treated — they improved their knowledge of military affairs, mastered new military and civilian specialties. The press also had a positive influence on the youth: the younger generation took an active part in collecting funds, clothing and medicine for the needs of the front, relevant articles were published covering these topics, they inspired and called schoolchildren, students and other layers of youth to action. Every collected ruble took part in the cause of victory: thus, during the war years, city residents donated about 36 million rubles to the state. The information component of the common cause, the fight against the enemy, was at a high level even in medical institutions. All hospitals had libraries, book collections, the number of which was constantly increasing. Thanks to the coordinated hard work of doctors and nurses, the help of local residents, the percentage of survivors in Sochi hospitals was the highest in the Soviet Union. During the entire period of operation of the Sochi hospital base, about 400 thousand wounded soldiers and officers restored their health. For the contribution of medical workers and all residents of the city to the cause of victory, in May 1980 Sochi was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1 st degree. Discussion and conclusions. Photographic documents recording the daily routine of Sochi hospitals, the participation of the city's population in treating the wounded, photo-fixation of the military realities of the Black Sea coast and the Caucasus Mountains, represent a unique chronicle that allows preserving the historical memory of the people who won a victory over the worst enemy — Hitler's fascism. The informational, propaganda, educational impact of such pictures is great — they show how selflessly Soviet soldiers fought in the mountains and at sea, which allowed them to defend Sochi and prevent the enemy from capturing the Caucasus. The photographs show the coordinated work of all types of troops, the entire medical hospital base — the pictures illustrate the hard selfless work of military doctors of that period and medical personnel, work that helped thousands of wounded soldiers get back on their feet and continue the fight against the enemy. The conducted research allows us to conclude that the tireless propaganda activities of the Soviet press, professionally made photo reports raised the fighting spirit of soldiers and the entire nation, strengthened faith in victory, and gave strength in the fight against the enemy. It is thanks to the Soviet photo reportage of the Great Patriotic War that today we can see the real events of the war years, feel the real atmosphere of wartime.
Introduction. The article presents an overview of documentary photographs taken in Sochi during the Great Patriotic War. The city's role in the victory over the enemy is characterized, the photographs describe the life and work of hospitals, the situation of soldiers undergoing treatment, the hard workdays of Sochi residents, as well as medical personnel. The educational value of documentary materials of those years for the spiritual and moral development of students is revealed. Materials and methods. The author used the following methods: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, generalization, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, historical and comparative method, etc. The materials used were scientific works on pedagogical theory, the theory of humanization of education, photo documents on the history of World War II, research on photojournalism, art criticism, photo reportage methods, psychology. Results. During the war, district party committees obliged newspaper editors to cover and show heroism in each issue not only at the front, but also in the rear, in agriculture, industry and medicine (in hospitals). Thus, a unique documentary base of publications was created, containing pictures from the scene. Photo reportage as the main tool of photojournalism is a reportage made by means of photography, production of photographs for publication in the press. It is the vitality, documentary nature, dynamism of the reportage photo that make the viewer passionately experience the depicted event and make him a participant in what is happening. The population of the country and the front fighters were informed by photos and articles in Soviet newspapers, for example, that the world-famous balneological hospital "Matsesta" during the war also became one of the hospitals and accepted more than 100,000 wounded and sick within its walls. The employees worked practically without breaks — everything was aimed at quickly getting the wounded defenders back on their feet. In Sochi hospitals, wounded soldiers who were recovering were not only treated — they improved their knowledge of military affairs, mastered new military and civilian specialties. The press also had a positive influence on the youth: the younger generation took an active part in collecting funds, clothing and medicine for the needs of the front, relevant articles were published covering these topics, they inspired and called schoolchildren, students and other layers of youth to action. Every collected ruble took part in the cause of victory: thus, during the war years, city residents donated about 36 million rubles to the state. The information component of the common cause, the fight against the enemy, was at a high level even in medical institutions. All hospitals had libraries, book collections, the number of which was constantly increasing. Thanks to the coordinated hard work of doctors and nurses, the help of local residents, the percentage of survivors in Sochi hospitals was the highest in the Soviet Union. During the entire period of operation of the Sochi hospital base, about 400 thousand wounded soldiers and officers restored their health. For the contribution of medical workers and all residents of the city to the cause of victory, in May 1980 Sochi was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1 st degree. Discussion and conclusions. Photographic documents recording the daily routine of Sochi hospitals, the participation of the city's population in treating the wounded, photo-fixation of the military realities of the Black Sea coast and the Caucasus Mountains, represent a unique chronicle that allows preserving the historical memory of the people who won a victory over the worst enemy — Hitler's fascism. The informational, propaganda, educational impact of such pictures is great — they show how selflessly Soviet soldiers fought in the mountains and at sea, which allowed them to defend Sochi and prevent the enemy from capturing the Caucasus. The photographs show the coordinated work of all types of troops, the entire medical hospital base — the pictures illustrate the hard selfless work of military doctors of that period and medical personnel, work that helped thousands of wounded soldiers get back on their feet and continue the fight against the enemy. The conducted research allows us to conclude that the tireless propaganda activities of the Soviet press, professionally made photo reports raised the fighting spirit of soldiers and the entire nation, strengthened faith in victory, and gave strength in the fight against the enemy. It is thanks to the Soviet photo reportage of the Great Patriotic War that today we can see the real events of the war years, feel the real atmosphere of wartime.
Keywords:
Great Patriotic War, victory of the Soviet people, Victory Day, photo reportage, art of photography, hospital, treatment of the wounded in Sochi, military press of 1941–1945
Great Patriotic War, victory of the Soviet people, Victory Day, photo reportage, art of photography, hospital, treatment of the wounded in Sochi, military press of 1941–1945
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