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Mosses of different species are proved biological monitors of the man-caused activity impact on the environment. This research represents data on the mean contents of chemical elements (about 62 ones) in the Polytrichum commune mosses in the territory adjacent to the Ursk tailing dump (Kemerovo region). According to analytical research and statistical data processing it has been proved that the mosses in this territory are characterized by accumulation a group of elements: As, Se, Ag, Sb, Ba, Au, Hg, Pb, and Bi with the concentrations of 10 and more times exceeding background values. This range of chemical elements has been emphasized as indicative index of the tailings dump impact on the environment. The space distribution of these chemical elements in the studied mosses samples has showed a tendency of their predominant accumulation in northern and northeastern parts of the territory adjacent to the tailing dump — in the direction of predominant winds in this region.
Polytrichum moss, Novo-Ursk deposit, tailing dumps, environment pollution, biological monitoring, pollution control, monitoring.
Статья представлена членом-корреспондентом РАН, д-ром хим. наук, профессором Тарасовой Н.П.
1. Введение
В связи с высокими аккумулирующими свойствами мхи различных видов активно используются в биомониторинговых исследованиях. При этом разные виды мхов могут по-разному накапливать химические элементы [1]. Например, в литературе отмечено, что мхи видов Sphagnum sp., Hypnum cupressiforme, Pohlia nutans, Pleurozium schreberi являются хорошими накопителями ионов металлов (Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, Cu) [2]. Для мониторинговых исследований используют, как правило, наиболее распространенные виды мхов, например, Pleurozium schreberi, Pylaisiella polyantha, Polytrichum commune [1, 3, 4 и др.].
Важной особенностью мхов, благодаря которой они активно применяются в качестве аккумуляторов различных химических элементов, переносимых в составе пыли и разнообразных загрязнителей, является отсутствие у них корневой системы. Вместо корней у мхов развиты ризоиды, выполняющие единственную функцию — прикрепление к субстрату. Поэтому большинство исследователей отмечают накопление химических элементов в мхах по безбарьерному типу [5–7]. Роль атмосферных аэрозолей в формировании геохимических особенностей биоты в целом значимая [8]. В [9] было отмечено, что в пределах отрабатываемого медного месторождения в Турции концентрации Cu, Zn и Pb в мхах превышали содержания этих металлов в почве, что говорит о преобладающем поступлении металлов из атмосферы.
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