Object. The problem of precarization employment. The Subject of the Study. The theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the study of the phenomenon from the point of precarization systemic risk to employment and from the standpoint of a particular form of employment flexibility in the transition to an innovative model of economic development. Purpose. Developing conceptual approaches to the study and analysis of precarization employment as systemic risk. Basic Theoretical Aspects of the Article. The analysis proposes classification criteria of precarization forms of employment, determins demands of an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the nature of systemic risk precarization employment, specifies a narrow and a broad approach to its assessment of the modern economy, highlights the specificity of latent instability of employment. Systemic risks posed by precarization employment have both exogenous and endogenous and cascading and global nature. The most significant and large-scale forms of precarious employment are analized: unemployment; temporary and part-time employment; wage arrears; labour protests; agency work; employment under conditions that do not meet standards of safe work, and others with the projection to the regional level. The results of evaluation of the extent of precarious employment in 2008, 2011, 2013 are presented. It is noted that the differentiation of understanding precarization as a special form of flexibilisation or as a systemic risk to the entire sphere of employment is important to select the emphasis in the development of social policy in general and the Decent Work Agenda.
precarity, employment, decent work, flexibilisation, systemic risk, social policy.
1. Введение
Избранный многими странами инновационный вектор развития экономик порождает многообразие феноменов в сфере занятости и актуализирует необходимость выявления и анализа глубинных основ изменений с целью минимизировать риски для развития человеческого потенциала и национальной безопасности. Одним из таких явлений выступает прекаризация занятости [Риччери, 2013, с. 6]. Занятость выступает основой существования общества, фактором экономического роста, ключевым условием «включения» индивидов в общественное производство, развития человеческого потенциала, повышения качества жизни населения, поэтому проблема прекаризации занятости и ее преодоления приобретает статус приоритетной. В последние годы вопросы прекаризации в сфере труда активно исследуются зарубежными и отечественными учеными (Г. Стендинг, Д. Роджерс, Дж. Берджес, М. Гибни, В.Н. Бобков, О.В. Вередюк, Р.П. Колосова и др.).
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