Tomsk, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Tomsk, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Moskva, Moscow, Russian Federation
Concentrations of heavy metals in Southern Kuzbass urban soils affected by coal mining industry and sity boilers were studied. The risks of toxic effects of elements found in soils as a result of geochemical sampling (200 samples) were identified. The hazard ratio during the intake of elements - toxins into the human body orally and via inhalation was calculated. Analysis of uncertainty in the estimation of the average daily doses was carried out. The obtained risk parameters fall into the category of permissible or acceptable. The primary contribution to the total hazard ratio is made by the manganese, cobalt, copper, and arsenic. These elements show special features of the soil in the affected area of coal mining, urban boilers everywhere and the activity of repair — metallurgical and foundry businesses locally. No pronounced differentiation of the city areas according to the value of the hazard ratio was discovered.
heavy metals, geochemistry of soils, health risk, chemical exposure, coal industry impact.
1. Введение
Подходы к решению проблем химического загрязнения компонентов природных сред находят свое отражение в документах Конференции ООН по устойчивому развитию «РИО+20», 2012 [1] и сформулированных целях устойчивого развития специально созданной рабочей группой [2]. В частности, цель 3 «Обеспечение здорового образа жизни и содействие благополучию для всех в любом возрасте» в части п. 3.9 прямо связана с опасным химическим воздействием и указывает на необходимость к 2030 году существенно сократить число случаев смерти и заболеваний в результате воздействия опасных химических веществ и загрязнения воздуха, воды и почв.
Загрязнение всех компонентов природных сред вредными веществами в районах интенсивной добычи и переработки угля является серьезной экологической проблемой для населения близлежащих городов. К таким городам относится г. Междуреченск Кемеровской области. Город расположен в центральной части Томусинского каменноугольного месторождения в месте слияния рек Томь и Уса в зоне их выхода из гор Кузнецкого Алатау в Кузнецкую низкогорно-холмистую котловину (рис. 1). Изучению влияния угольных предприятий на здоровье населения, экологическим проблемам Междуреченска посвящено множество исследований [3–5].
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