COMPENSATION OF LOSSES INCURRED AS A RESULT OF ACTIONS OF THIRD PARTIES: RUSSIAN LAW AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE
Rubrics: CIVIL AND FAMILY LAW. BUSINESS LAW
Authors:
Type:
Article
Pages:
from 1
to 1
Status:
Published
Received:
15.02.2024
Accepted:
15.02.2024
Published:
15.02.2024
Subject area:
UDK 34 Право. Юридические науки
Language:
Russian
Keywords:
ubytki, upuschennaya vygoda, real'nyy uscherb, neustoyka, kreditor, dolzhnik, narushenie, posledstvie, prichinnaya svyaz', Venskaya konvenciya o dogovorah mezhdunarodnoy kupli-prodazhi tovarov, predvidimost' uscherba, standart dokazyvaniya
Abstract (English):
Cel' issledovaniya — osveschenie podhodov rossiyskih sudov i mezhdunarodnyh arbitrazhnyh institutov k probleme vzyskaniya rashodov, kotorye kontragent pones pered tret'im licom v kachestve ubytkov. Rassmatrivayutsya voprosy o tom, mozhno li istrebovat' uplachennye kontragentu neustoyki v kachestve ubytkov; yavlyayutsya li administrativnye shtrafy, uplachennye odnoy iz storon, ubytkami etoy storony i mogut li oni byt' vzyskany s kontragenta, narushivshego dogovor; kakovy standarty dokazyvaniya takih ubytkov v sootvetstvii s nacional'nym i mezhdunarodnym pravom; udovletvoryayut li ukazannye rashody kriteriyu predvidimosti ubytkov; imeetsya li prichinnaya svyaz' mezhdu ubytkami i deystviyami kontragenta po dogovoru; kakovy vozmozhnye argumenty zaschity kontragenta-dolzhnika v sudebnom ili arbitrazhnom processe. V issledovanii ispol'zovany metody formal'noy logiki (analiza i sinteza), a takzhe chastno-nauchnye metody (sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya i formal'no-yuridicheskogo tolkovaniya). Analiz rossiyskoy i zarubezhnoy sudebnoy praktiki po primeneniyu norm Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federacii i Venskoy konvencii o dogovorah mezhdunarodnoy kupli-prodazhi tovarov pozvolyaet polozhitel'no otvetit' na vopros o vozmozhnosti vozmescheniya ubytkov, voznikshih v rezul'tate deystviy tret'ego lica. Kak svidetel'stvuet sudebnaya praktika, mezhdu deystviyami neispravnogo postavschika i nastupivshimi u pokupatelya poteryami v svyazi s vyplatoy neustoek tret'emu licu imeetsya pryamaya prichinnaya svyaz', chto udovletvoryaet trebovaniyam k vzyskaniyu ubytkov. Vmeste s tem prepyatstviem k vzyskaniyu ubytkov soglasno nacional'nomu pravu nekotoryh gosudarstv i Venskoy konvencii sluzhit kriteriy predvidimosti ubytkov, kotoryy dolzhen byt' ustanovlen sudom v kazhdom konkretnom sluchae ishodya iz standarta dokazyvaniya, ustanovlennogo primenimym nacional'nym zakonodatel'stvom. V celyah ogranicheniya vozmozhnosti kompensacii ubytkov, kotorye yavlyayutsya neozhidannymi dlya storon, rekomenduetsya vklyuchat' v dogovor ogovorki, ogranichivayuschie otvetstvennost' (opredelennaya summa, dokazannyy pryamoy real'nyy uscherb i t.p. ).
Cel' issledovaniya — osveschenie podhodov rossiyskih sudov i mezhdunarodnyh arbitrazhnyh institutov k probleme vzyskaniya rashodov, kotorye kontragent pones pered tret'im licom v kachestve ubytkov. Rassmatrivayutsya voprosy o tom, mozhno li istrebovat' uplachennye kontragentu neustoyki v kachestve ubytkov; yavlyayutsya li administrativnye shtrafy, uplachennye odnoy iz storon, ubytkami etoy storony i mogut li oni byt' vzyskany s kontragenta, narushivshego dogovor; kakovy standarty dokazyvaniya takih ubytkov v sootvetstvii s nacional'nym i mezhdunarodnym pravom; udovletvoryayut li ukazannye rashody kriteriyu predvidimosti ubytkov; imeetsya li prichinnaya svyaz' mezhdu ubytkami i deystviyami kontragenta po dogovoru; kakovy vozmozhnye argumenty zaschity kontragenta-dolzhnika v sudebnom ili arbitrazhnom processe. V issledovanii ispol'zovany metody formal'noy logiki (analiza i sinteza), a takzhe chastno-nauchnye metody (sravnitel'nogo pravovedeniya i formal'no-yuridicheskogo tolkovaniya). Analiz rossiyskoy i zarubezhnoy sudebnoy praktiki po primeneniyu norm Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federacii i Venskoy konvencii o dogovorah mezhdunarodnoy kupli-prodazhi tovarov pozvolyaet polozhitel'no otvetit' na vopros o vozmozhnosti vozmescheniya ubytkov, voznikshih v rezul'tate deystviy tret'ego lica. Kak svidetel'stvuet sudebnaya praktika, mezhdu deystviyami neispravnogo postavschika i nastupivshimi u pokupatelya poteryami v svyazi s vyplatoy neustoek tret'emu licu imeetsya pryamaya prichinnaya svyaz', chto udovletvoryaet trebovaniyam k vzyskaniyu ubytkov. Vmeste s tem prepyatstviem k vzyskaniyu ubytkov soglasno nacional'nomu pravu nekotoryh gosudarstv i Venskoy konvencii sluzhit kriteriy predvidimosti ubytkov, kotoryy dolzhen byt' ustanovlen sudom v kazhdom konkretnom sluchae ishodya iz standarta dokazyvaniya, ustanovlennogo primenimym nacional'nym zakonodatel'stvom. V celyah ogranicheniya vozmozhnosti kompensacii ubytkov, kotorye yavlyayutsya neozhidannymi dlya storon, rekomenduetsya vklyuchat' v dogovor ogovorki, ogranichivayuschie otvetstvennost' (opredelennaya summa, dokazannyy pryamoy real'nyy uscherb i t.p. ).
Keywords:
ubytki, upuschennaya vygoda, real'nyy uscherb, neustoyka, kreditor, dolzhnik, narushenie, posledstvie, prichinnaya svyaz', Venskaya konvenciya o dogovorah mezhdunarodnoy kupli-prodazhi tovarov, predvidimost' uscherba, standart dokazyvaniya
ubytki, upuschennaya vygoda, real'nyy uscherb, neustoyka, kreditor, dolzhnik, narushenie, posledstvie, prichinnaya svyaz', Venskaya konvenciya o dogovorah mezhdunarodnoy kupli-prodazhi tovarov, predvidimost' uscherba, standart dokazyvaniya
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