Russian Federation
The article substantiates the position that one of the epistemological discoveries of I. Kant, related to the establishment of the constructive role of productive imagination at all levels of cognition of "objective reality". It was led the author of the Critique of Pure Reason beyond the epistemology of Modern times into the field of problems of fundamental ontology and philosophy of history, turning him into a central figure of history "forward-looking self-awareness" of the West. Kant's critique of "pure reason" revealed the inferiority of Western rationalism, showing that behind the claims of the inevitably falling into "transcendental illusions" of the subject of knowledge lies a volitional intellect striving to free itself from any dogmatic restrictions and establish total control over existence. This basic intention of the "Faustian spirit" revealed by Kant received additional coverage in the works of F. Schelling, G. Hegel, F. Nietzsche, O. Spengler, M. Heidegger and K. Jaspers. As for the purely epistemological component of Kant's theory of productive imagination, it was developed in detail in the modern research of supporters of "radical constructivism" (E. Glazersfeld, U. Maturana, P. Wattslavik, etc.) [18] and the positive- dialectical theory of scientific knowledge (S.A. Lebedev) [7, 8, 9]. In this regard, it is necessary to emphasize Kant's often overlooked idea that productive imagination it is not simply cognitive activity consciousness, but it is the way of subject realizing its strong -willed nature, which cannot be deduced from the lower forms of mental activity of subject. It is shown that the critique of "pure reason" carried out by I. Kant and the new construct "the capacity for productive imagination" introduced by him into transcendental philosophy became expressions of the Western "Faustian spirit", which largely determined the main vector of world history.
imagination, cognition, reason, freedom, will to power
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