Россия
На модельном растворе додекана исследованы сорбенты с иммобилизованными клетками микроорганизмов рода Pseudomonas (К-5-25, К-2) и Rhodococcus (EriA. 2-4М). Рассмотрены сорбенты на основе нетканых материалов из полипропиленового волокна (нейтрального) и из акрилонитрильного волокна (содержащего в своей структуре группы первичного и вторичного аминов), а также на основе вермикулита, природного минерала из группы гидрослюд слоистого строения. Проведена оценка эффективности сорбционного и биокаталитического вкладов для изучения степени очистки воды. Такие саморегенерирующиеся системы, сочетающие физико-химическое и биологическое удаление нефтяных углеводородов из растворов с малыми и следовыми концентрациями, могут работать в динамическом режиме. При этом сорбент выполняет одну из важнейших функций биосистемы, обеспечивая доставку и накопление нефтяных компонентов из жидкой фазы, а иммобилизованные клетки осуществляют саморегенерацию биосорбента. Анализ сравнительной эффективности этих процессов с использованием кинетического анализа результатов, полученных на твердофазном сорбенте с иммобилизованными клетками и на исходном сорбенте без клеток, позволил определить степень физико-химического удаления додекана из водной эмульсии и степень его биодеградации, как в жидкой, так и в твердой фазе сорбционного материала. Наиболее эффективным оказался биосорбент на основе акрилонитрильного нетканого материала, позволивший уменьшить концентрацию додекана в системе до уровня ПДКрыб.хоз. в течение восьми дней.
сорбция, биодеструкция, иммобилизованные клетки микроорганизмов, биосистемы, кинетика.
1. Introduction
Application of highly effective sorption technologies for producing high-purity water usually involves pretreatment of water to remove petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) that causes loss of sorption activity due to blocking and “poisoning” of active ionic centers of polymeric ion exchangers. One of the most economically efficient means of the removal of spilled oil from either land or sea is the use of sorbents (Walkup et al., 1969). Synthetic sorbents such as polypropylene and polyurethane are the most commonly used commercial sorbents in oil-spill cleanup due to their oleophilic and hydrophobic characteristics (Schatzberg, 1971).
Bio-catalytic methods of water purification from oil hydrocarbons using immobilized oil-oxidizing microorganisms can significantly increase treatment efficiency (Li et al., 2005), compared to using the active solid phase support only.
In general, biological treatment of environmental pollutants is preferred over physicochemical as the former is cost effective, efficient and environmentally friendly (Ojo, 2006).
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