Система репарации неспаренных оснований, или мисмэтчей, обнаруживает пары азотистых оснований ДНК, соединённые вопреки правилу Уотсона – Крика, а также другие дефекты, возникающие в процессе репликации ДНК, и способствует их удалению, катализируя вырезание содержащего дефект участка дочерней ДНК и его повторный синтез уже без ошибок. Таким образом, MMR повышает точность процесса репликации на несколько порядков. За исследования репарации ДНК, в том числе MMR, была вручена Нобелевская премия по химии 2015 г.
MMR, пострепликативная репарация ДНК, Нобелевская премия по химии, эксцизия оснований, MutSα или MutS β, MutLα, PCNA, ДНК-полимераза δ, ДНК-лигаза I
1. Acharya S, Wilson T, Gradia S, Kane MF, Guerrette S, Marsischky GT, Kolodner R, Fishel R (1996). hMSH2 forms specific mispair-binding complexes with hMSH3 and hMSH6. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., (93), 13629-13634.
2. Arana ME, Kunkel TA (2010). Mutator phenotypes due to DNA replication infidelity. Semin. Cancer Biol., (20), 304-311.
3. Cannavo E, Marra G, Sabates-Bellver J, Menigatti M, Lipkin SM, Fischer F, Cejka P, Jiricny J (2005). Expression of the MutL Homologue hMLH3 in Human Cells and its Role in DNA Mismatch Repair. Cancer Res., (65), 10759-10766.
4. Drummond JT, Li G-M, Longley MJ, Modrich P (1995). Isolation of an hMSH2-p160 heterodimer that restores DNA mismatch repair to tumor cells. Science, (268), 1909-1912.
5. Fishel R, Lescoe MK, Rao MR, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Garber J, Kane M, Kolodner R (1993). The human mutator gene homolog MSH2 and its association with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Cell, (75), 1027-1038.
6. Genschel J, Bazemore LR, Modrich P (2002). Human exonuclease I is required for 5′ and 3′ mismatch repair. J. Biol. Chem., (277), 13302-13311.
7. Genschel J, Littman SJ, Drummond JT (1998). Isolation of MutSβ from Human Cells and Comparison of the Mismatch Repair Specificities of MutSβ and MutSα. J. Biol Chem., (273), 19895-19901.
8. Goellner EM, Putnam CD, Kolodner RD (2015). Exonuclease 1-dependent and independent mismatch repair. DNA Repair, (32), 24-32.
9. Gradia S, Subramanian D, Wilson T, Acharya S, Makhov A, Griffith J, Fishel R (1999). hMSH2-hMSH6 forms a hydrolysis-independent sliding clamp on mismatched DNA. Mol. Cell, (3), 255-261.
10. Gu Y, Parker A, Wilson TM, Bai H, Chang D-Y, Lu A-L (2002). Human MutY homolog, a DNA glycosylase involved in base excision repair, physically and functionally interacts with mismatch repair proteins humanMutS homolog 2/human MutS homolog 6. J. Biol. Chem., (277), 11135-11142.
11. Harrington JM, Kolodner RD (2007). Saccharomyces cerevisiae Msh2-Msh3 acts in repair of base-base mispairs. Mol. Cell. Biol., (27), 6546-6554.
12. Iyer RR, Pluciennik A, Genschel J (2010). MutLalpha and proliferating cell nuclear antigen share binding sites on MutSbeta. J. Biol. Chem., (285), 11730-11739.
13. Jiricny J. (2013). Postreplicative mismatch repair. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect Biol. URL: http://cshperspectives. cshlp.org/content/5/4/a012633.
14. Jiricny J (1998). Replication errors: cha(lle)nging the genome. EMBO J., 17 (22), 6427-6436.
15. Jiricny J (2006). The multifaceted mismatch-repair system. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., (7), 335-346.
16. Kadyrov FA, Dzantiev L, Constantin N, Modrich P (2006). Endonucleolytic function of MutLa in human mismatch repair. Cell, (126), 297-308.
17. Kunkel TA, Erie DA (2005). DNA mismatch repair. Annu. Rev. Biochem., (74), 681-710.
18. Leach FS, Nicolaides NC, Papadopoulos N, Liu B, Jen J, Parsons R, Peltomaki P, Sistonen P, Aaltonen LA, Nystrom-Lahti M (1993). Mutations of a mutS homolog in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Cell, (75), 1215-1225.
19. Li GM, Modrich P (1995). Restoration of mismatch repair to nuclear extracts of H6 colorectal tumor cells by a heterodimer of human MutL homologs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., (92), 1950-1954.
20. Li GM (2008). Mechanisms and functions of DNA mismatch repair. Cell Res., (18), 85-98.
21. Longley MJ, Pierce AJ, Modrich P (1997). DNA polymerase delta is required for human mismatch repair in vitro. J. Biol. Chem., (272), 10917-10921.
22. Modrich P (2006). Mechanisms in eukaryotic mismatch repair. J. Biol. Chem., (281), 30305-30309.
23. Mugesh G (2015). Nobel Prize in Chemistry for DNA repair. Current Science, 109 (9), 1533-1536.
24. Natrajan G, Lamers MH, Enzlin JH, Winterwerp HHK, Perrakis A, Sixma TK (2003). Structures of Escherichia coli DNA mismatch repair enzyme MutS in complex with different mismatches: A common recognition mode for diverse substrates. Nucleic Acids Res., (31), 4814- 4821.
25. Nicolaides NC, Papadopoulos N, Liu B, Wei YF, Carter KC, Ruben SM, Rosen CA, Haseltine WA, Fleischmann RD, Fraser CM (1994). Mutations of two PMS homologues in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Nature, (371), 75-80.
26. Palombo F, Gallinari P, Iaccarino I, Lettieri T, Hughes MD, Arrigo A, Truong O, Hsuan JJ, Jiricny J (1995). GTBP, a 160-kilodalton protein essential for mismatchbinding activity in human cells. Science, (268), 1912-1914.
27. Palombo F, Iaccarino I, Nakajima E, Ikejima M, Shimada T, Jiricny J (1996). hMutSbeta, a heterodimer of hMSH2 and hMSH3, binds to insertion/deletion loops in DNA. Curr. Biol., (6), 1181-1184.
28. Pena-Diaz J, Jiricny J (2012). Mammalian mismatch repair: Error-free or error-prone. Trends Biochem. Sci., (37), 206-214.
29. Pluciennik A, Dzantiev L, Lyer RR (2010). PCNA function in the activation and strand direction of MutLalpha endonuclease in mismatch repair. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., (107), 16066-16071.
30. Pluciennik A, Modrich P (2007). Protein roadblocks and helix discontinuities are barriers to the initiation of mismatch repair. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., (104), 12709-12713.
31. Sachadyn P (2010). Conservation and diversity of MutS proteins. Mutat. Res., (694), 20-30.
32. Surtees JA, Alani E (2006). Mismatch repair factor MSH2-MSH3 binds and alters the conformation of branched DNA structures predicted to form during genetic recombination. J. Molec. Biol., (360), 523-536.
