Аннотация (русский):
Магнитогидродинамические (МГД) волны играют ключевую роль в процессах, протекающих в плазменных образованиях в атмосфере Солнца и звезд, а также в магнитосфере Земли и других планет. В настоящий момент известно, что в этих системах имеют место как схожие волновые явления, так и уникальные для каждой из сред. Изучение МГД-волн и сопутствующих явлений в магнитосферной физике и физике Солнца происходит в основном независимо, несмотря на то, что свойства этих сред во многом схожи, а физические основы генерации и распространения волн в них одинаковы. Создание единого подхода к изучению этих явлений на Солнце и в земной магнитосфере открывает перспективы дальнейшего развития и интеграции этих научных направлений. В обзоре рассмотрено текущее состояние исследований МГД-волн в атмосфере Солнца и магнитосфере Земли. Приведены особенности сред, в которых распространяются колебания, их структура, масштабы и типичные параметры. Дано описание основных теоретических моделей, в рамках которых принято изучать поведение волн, их преимущества и ограничения. Сравниваются характеристики различных типов МГД-волн применительно к солнечной атмосфере и земной магнитосфере. Кроме того, представлена информация о методах наблюдений и инструментах, используемых для получения информации о волнах в различных средах.

Ключевые слова:
магнитная гидродинамика, МГД-волны, альфвеновские волны, быстрый магнитный звук, медленный магнитный звук, магнитосфера, УНЧ-волны, хромосфера, солнечная корона, активные области, солнечная активность

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