В настоящее время актуальной задачей является поиск новых способов очистки сточных вод на основе дешевых экологичных материалов. Композитные материалы на основе биоугольной матрицы с наноразмерными модификаторами позволяют решать задачи повышения эффективности адсорбции поллютантов и фотокаталитической очистки водных сред. Методом цитратного горения синтезированы наноразмерный феррит кобальта со структурой шпинели CoFe2O4 и композит на основе биоугля с наночастицами феррита кобальта CoFe2O4@C. Уголь для композита получен карбонизацией березовых опилок при температуре 600 ⁰С. Методом рентгеновской дифрактометрии подтверждено формирование наноразмерных кристаллитов шпинели CoFe2O4 во всех образцах. Средний размер наночастиц уменьшается от 31 ± 4 нм для чистого феррита кобальта до 17 ± 2 нм для композита на основе биоугля. Методом ИК-спектроскопии подтверждено формирование фазы кобальтовой шпинели и наличие большого количества поверхностных функциональных групп (–OH, –С=O, –C=C, –CH3) в композите. Проведен анализ адсорбционно-каталитической активности CoFe2O4 и CoFe2O4@C в отношении очистки водных растворов от 2,4-динитрофенола (ДНФ). Установлена высокая эффективность очистки от ДНФ наноразмерным ферритом кобальта (99.95%) и композитом на основе биоугля (96.84%) за счет сорбции на пористых материалах и фотокаталитической деградации токсиканта в условиях УФ облучения. Результаты исследования подтверждают, что композиты на основе биоугля из отходов деревообрабатывающей промышленности являются перспективными сорбентами/катализаторами для очистки сточных вод бумажной, фармацевтической и текстильной промышленности от органических поллютантов. Благодаря магниточувствительности композита за счет наночастиц CoFe2O4 значительно упрощается выделение сорбента/катализатора внешним магнитным полем с целью последующей регенерации и повторного использования.
пиролиз, биоуголь, феррит кобальта, композит, сорбция, фотокатализ
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